Ilenkiv H. Principles of rationalism in utopian and anti-utopian theories: political science context.

In the dissertation is analyzed the specifics of the formation and revealing of the principles of rationalism in utopian and anti-utopian theories in two planes: political-ontological and political-gnoseologimological. In the first there are three principles: utility, happiness and the common good, each of which proceeds from the previous one and is its logical continuation. The second one sets out the principles of categorization, symbolization, hyperbolization and paradox. The author's position is to understand utopia as part of the philosophy of politics, which has great gnoseological potential, therefore, it should be investigated not only from the institutional point of view. So, both utopia and dystopia in the dissertation appear as specific methods of cognition of politics. In addition, the author's concept of the transformation of utopia and dystopia and their merging into a single utopian-anti-utopian discourse, which takes place under the influence of postmodernism, is formed in the dissertation. The main factor of such a merger is an understanding of the interpretability of political knowledge, which means: the theory can simultaneously be both utopia and dystopia. The features of the influence of utopian and anti-utopian theories on political theory and practice are presented in the form of utopian impulse and utopianism. The dissertation deals with the features of the utopian impulse on the example of the Cold War, in which the author sees the confrontation between the two utopian impulses: democratic and communist. Utopianism is presented in the analysis of the influence of utopia and dystopia on the formation of such political theories as Marxism, the theory of meritocracy and populism.