Kapustina H. Diagnostics of mineral nutrition for sunflower at different systems of fertilization under conditions of Southern Steppe ecoregion of Ukraine

Object - sunflower mineral nutrition diagnostics and optimization in soil-fertilizers-plant-yield capacity system. Purpose - to optimize mineral nutrition of sunflower plant in different fertilizer systems using diagnostic methods of soil and plant analysis in southern Steppe of the Ukraine. Methods - field, chemical, systematic, computing, statistic. Theoretical results – developed theoretical approaches to solving scientific and practical problems of optimization of sunflower plant mineral nutrition in the black soil of the southern Steppe of the Ukraine by using different types and norms of mineral fertilizers in the optimal time based on the results of soil and plant diagnostics; new knowledge about the law of change of the amount of micro and macro elements in leaves of different hybrids of sunflower that depends on the prolonged fertilizers' usage during crop rotation; working out specific indicators of elevating soil capacity, plant capacity, the content of nutrition elements in plants and product quality. Practical results - it was recommended to optimize mineral nutrition sunflower plant by prompt diagnostics of nutrition elements in leaves in different development phases taking into consideration reaction of sunflower hybrids to after action of organic and mineral fertilizers. Novelty - we found out the after action of compost and mineral fertilizers on the soil regime during crop rotation, dynamics of nutrition elements' penetration into plants, yield capacity and oil content in sunflower seeds, optimal levels of nutrition elements content in sunflower leaves during plant development phases based on soil and plant diagnostics, we worked out specific indicators of increasing the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium combinations in different fertilizers systems, found the altercation of compost and mineral fertilizers on the dynamics of macro and micro elements content in sunflower leaves during different phases of plant development. We verified the system of fertilizing pants during plant rotation using the optimal compost rate of 15 ton per hectare together with mineral fertilizers (N56,5 P47,8 K41,8) specific indicators of micro elements content in 1 ton of sunflower seeds. Degree of application - the research results were used in the soil of 85 hectare jn Yuzhnyi farm in Belyaevskyi district and in the soil of 100 hectare of Komunar farm in Tarutin district of Odessa region and were included in education process in the form of lectures in Agrochemistry, Farming, Plant Growing courses at Odessa State Agricultural University. The field is agriculture.