Mishchenko A. The moral dimension of politics in the foreign concepts of the twentieth century.

The thesis is devoted to the study of the moral dimension of politics in the foreign concepts of the twentieth century. The paper has analyzed the existing approaches to the relationship between politics and morality and has revealed the peculiarities of the moral dimension of politics in the twentieth century; the content of the «moral dimension of politics» concept has been specified; approaches to the moral dimension of politics have been systematized and the expediency of approaches classifying to politics and moral correlation to political ethization, deethization of politics and compromise approaches have been founded; comprehension of the ethization of politics as a mean of resolving contradictions between politics and morality based on the concepts of Leo Strauss and Isaiah Berlin has been extended; specifics of politics deethization has been revealed by the example of Hannah Arendt and Michael Oakeshott concepts, and the peculiarities of a compromise approach to the relationship between politics and morality in the concepts of Max Weber and John Rawls have been identified. The problem of the relationship between politics and morality interests researchers for many centuries without losing its relevance. The main reason for such interest is that people inhere actions evaluations from the point of view of morality. Politics is no exception. But if before the twentieth century the analysis of the moral dimension of politics concerned primarily the policy of rulers, then the modern era, characterized by politicization of mass consciousness and the pluralization of moral landmarks, dictates new conditions in which the broad masses of the population, first of all, voters, are examined on the level with ruling elites. Broadening of general public political rights should be a sure guarantee that the line of legitimate use of violence won't be crossed. However, the existence of examples of involvement of masses into politics didn’t prevent, but contributed to the establishment of totalitarian and authoritarian regimes in some cases, creates doubts about the absolute effectiveness of such guarantees. Despite attempts to free politics from moral maxims, it was the twentieth century that once again proved the absurdity of these intentions and has showed the terrible consequences of the relevant processes. At the same time, the practical implementation of the politics proves the impossibility of using criteria of absolute morality towards the political sphere, which actualizes the search for a compromise.