The mucous membrane of the fastened part of the rats gums, according to the general principles of structural organization, corresponds to human one and consists of epithelial plate and lamina propria. In the control group of animals, the average thickness of the epithelium was 67,79 ± 6,17 μm, its lamina propria – 117,78 ± 10,14 μm. Microvasculature is represented by arterioles, capillaries and venules. The mean values of the lumens are 12,91 ± 0,96 μm, 7,32 ± 0,14 μm and 16.01 ± 1,29 μm, respectively. In the epithelial plate, lymphocytes are found, in the loose connective tissue of their lamina propria - lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma cells and mast cells.
The contact of the mucous membrane with ethanol leads to changes in metric parameters, which manifests itself at the early stages of the experiment by decreasing the overall thickness of the epithelial plate, followed by persistent thickening until the 30th day of the experiment.
The total thickness of the lamina propria increases by 26,7 % already by the 5th day by increasing the content of amorphous substance, and is not restored until the end of the observation. The smallest influence of ethanol on the average number of cell layers is found in the basal layer of the epithelial plate. It has been determined that at the early stages of observation, the index for spinozum and granular layers decreases, and at later stages the number of layers of cells in the granular and horny layers is significantly increased, which is the morphological manifestation of the protective reaction of the epithelium under the influence of ethanol.
Introduction of ethanol causes microcirculation disorders, which manifest themselves by the uneven blood filling of the capacitive section of the microvasculature, deficiency of the lumen of the capillaries on the 12th and 30th days of the experiment. Metric changes in the blood microcirculatory canals showed a significant reduction on the 5th day of observation of the diameter of the lumen of arterioles and capillaries by 35,7 % and 35,5 %, respectively.
The mean diameter of the lumen of the capacitive section has increased significantly by 20,6 %. Restoration of indicators is determined only by the diameter of the arteriole lumen on the 9th day of the experiment. The exchange did not restore metric data until the 30th day of observation, which remained below the value in the control group of animals by 19,2 %. The average values of the diameter of venules on the 30th day of the experiment were higher than those in the control group of rats by 11,6 %, indicating a violation of perfusion of blood under the influence of chronic intoxication with ethanol.
Chronic intoxication with ethanol causes an increase in the average number of macrophages by 19,6 % and plasma cells by 318 % during the experiment. After an increase in the average number of lymphocytes and mast cells by the 5th day by 25 % and 121 %, respectively, there was a significant decrease in the indicators for 12 days of observation, indicating a weakening of the protective barrier. Within 30 days of observation, the number of plasma cells and mast cells had more than doubled, which is a morphological confirmation of the tension of the local protective barrier.
5 days, a decrease in the intensity of marking on keratinocytes, morphologically manifested by hyperkeratosis phenomena, was determined, until 12 days, incomplete recovery of the expression of lectin of wheat germ and elderberry black was determined. Expression of the receptors on fibroblasts and collagen fibers has decreased in all terms of observation. Mast cells and macrophages were characterized by a decrease in the degree of conjugation with receptors to peanut lectins, common golden crust, wheat germ and elderly black elder.
