Rol N. Lipid peroxidation and oxidative modification of proteins in the body of rabbits in age dynamics and under action of the feed additive

Українська версія

Thesis for the degree of Candidate of Sciences (CSc)

State registration number

0419U002577

Applicant for

Specialization

  • 03.00.04 - Біохімія

14-05-2019

Specialized Academic Board

Д 35.368.01

Institute of Animal Biology of NAAS

Essay

The paper is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the processes of peroxide oxidation of lipids, the activity of enzymes of antioxidant protection, and the products of oxidative modification of proteins in the age aspect and the action of the feed additive. One of the pressing problems of modern biochemistry is the problem of adaptation of animal organism to the environment and the formation of an adaptive reaction to the negative impact of production stIn dissertation the researches of processes of peroxide oxidation of lipids and oxidation of proteins in brain, heart, and the muscle longissimus dorsi of New Zealand breeds rabbits in the age dynamics and for feeding of vitamin and mineral supplements “Tekro” are presented. The content of total lipids and peroxide oxidation products of lipids, as well as the activity of enzymes of the antioxidant defense system in rabbits from birth to 90 days of age was investigated. It has been established that the content of total lipids in brain tissues increases throughout the period of postnatal ontogenesis due to the peculiarities of the functional and metabolic activity of brain cells. The content of common lipids is closely related to the processes of lipid peroxide oxidation and the activity of enzymes of antioxidant defense. The growth in concentration of peroxide oxidation products is accompanied by a decrease in the content of total lipids in the rabbit tissues. Reduced content of TBARS in rabbit brain tissue from birth to 90-day age was noted. A moderate (r = 0.66) correlation between the content of lipid conjugated dienes and lipid hydroperoxides, as well as the strong correlation (r = -0.77) between the contents of lipid conjugated dienes and TBARS, was established. In the heart of rabbits a reversible moderate (r = -0.62) correlation between the content of lipid conjugated dienes and lipid hydroperoxides was noted. During the first 15 days of life, the content of superoxide radicals in the heart and in the m. longissimus dorsi decreases due to high activity of key enzyme of the antioxidant defense system – superoxide dismutase. During this period, high concentrations of lipid conjugated dienes and lipid hydroperoxides were revealed. Decrease of catalase activity in the heart of rabbits at 75-day age is compensated by the growth of glutathione peroxidase activity. In this case, the activity of glutathione-S-transferase was significantly lowered what indicating the competition between two glutathione-dependent enzymes for reduced glutathione. The use of the vitamin-mineral supplement “Tekro” promotes the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the reduction of concentration of toxic products of reactions of free radical oxidation. Supplementation with “Tekro” positively affected protein metabolism in rabbit body, in particular a significant increase in the content of soluble protein in brain tissues on 75and 90-dayswere observed (3.1 and 3.6 times respectively). The accumulation of middle mass molecules in cells and tissues is considered not only as a marker of endogenous intoxication but also as a factor that complicates the course of the pathological process - acquires the role of secondary toxins that cause disorders of the blood-brain barrier, the microcirculatory bed, inhibit mitochondrial oxidation, and disrupt the transport of amino acids. The decrease in the level of the middle mass molecules in tissues occurs on the background of parallel reduction of intensity of processes of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidative modifications, which testifies to the positive effect of feeding the “Tekro”. It is proved that additional vitamin-mineral supplement “Tekro” reduces the severity of endogenous intoxication, has a detoxification and antioxidant action, which allows it to be recommended for use to rabbit. It has established that supplementation of rabbit dietwithvitamin and mineral supplements “Tekro” activatesmetabolic processes. Feeding the vitamin-mineral supplement over 45 days contributed to an increase of body weight by 9.0 %. ress factors. Among such adaptive mechanisms for rabbits in the conditions of intensive rabbit meat management is the development of oxidative stress, which causes the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in the body and the development of reactive oxygen pathology. An important role in the mechanism of adaptation of the body belongs to lipids, because they are a structural component of cell membranes and act as energy and signaling systems in cells. Peroxide oxidation of lipids is a compensatory reaction that ensures the functioning of the organism for changes in the environment.

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