The research grounds the essence of such fundamental concepts as: «credit activity of the bank», «safety of the bank's credit activity», «safety system of credit activity». It is shown that the organization of credit activity of the bank includes the following stages: organizational maintenance of credit activity of the bank, formation of bank credit, credit operations, risk management of bank credits, monitoring and control of the bank's credit activity. A mechanism for managing the safety system of credit activities of the bank is determined in order to deepen the theoretical foundations of the study of the safety of credit activities of banks.
It is proved that the threats to the safety of credit activities of banks should be divided into external (macroeconomic) and internal (microeconomic) ones. Externally, there are threats that include the factors that are the result of the impact of the external environment on the credit activity of the bank. The internal (microeconomic) threats include factors that either directly generated by the bank, or are part of its internal environment. The main internal threats must include the level of availability of credit resources, the poor structure of assets and liabilities, the incompetence of senior management and staff etc.
The conducted analysis of the credit activity of domestic banks made it possible to identify the main contradictions that may be in the conflict with the interests of its participants.
The institutional and legal safety of the bank's credit activity has been considered in the course of the study, which is supposed to help to guarantee it. The author developed a methodology for assessing the security level of credit activities of the bank on the basis of the conceptual approach. The methodology includes the following stages: formation of information base, selection of system of indicators, determination of criteria of selected indicators and their functions, construction a scale of assessment and calculation of a comprehensive index of safety level of credit activity of the bank.
The suggested methodology for assessing the level of safety includes four groups of quantitative indicators, which have the appropriate coefficients with established optimal values and weights and qualitative indicators (organizational support of bank lending, management, customer base, bank development) that most fully characterize the safety of the bank's credit activity. This technique is based on the following principles: autonomy, complexity, prudence, reasonableness, periodicity and consistency.
The expediency of the organizational mechanism of guaranteeing the safety of credit activities of the bank is presented in the work. This mechanism has a complex, multilevel and hierarchical organization, manifesting itself in the form of such components: theoretical, methodological, functional, organizational, safety and practical.
In order to activate the loan portfolio of the bank it is suggested to form it in accordance with the requirements of the state credit policy; in accordance with state priorities; evaluate its quality in the traditionally established order and on the basis of the completeness of the objectives of the strategic loan portfolio. The author suggested a process of five steps known as DMEDI: Define, Measure, Explore, Develop, Control to improve all stages of managing a loan portfolio.
The dissertation grounds the expediency of creating a system of specialized credit bureaus in Ukraine, where the creditor could obtain information on the state of solvency of the borrower, violation of his payment discipline.
