The morphological and semantic ways of enriching the English word stock by military innovations have been analyzed. The most active means of forming new lexical units of military vocabulary are affixation, composition, abbreviation and contraction. At the present stage of development of English in the military sphere the most active word formation means is affixation (47% of the total number of lexical units). Such prefixes as anti-, bio-, counter-, cyber-, de-, e-, hyper-, mega-, non, super- and suffixes -er, -ist, -ing, -ize are characterized by high word-building efficiency.Composite units comprise up to 26% of innovations (from the total number of new lexical units of the military sphere). Composite words are represented by the basic structural models: N + N = N, N + N (-er) = N, N + N (-ing) = N. The meaning of the most of English military innovative composite units cannot be deduced from the meanings of their components; often these units are completely or partially non-motivated, up to the degree that they are idiomatic.
Innovative military contractions comprise up to 27% of the total number of lexical innovations; they are classified according to structural parameters into abbreviations and shortening. The process of their formation is to be related to the interaction of lexical and syntactic language levels. Blending is to be considered a variety of contraction. It consists of combining fragments of words or one full word with the fragment of another, represented by the patterns: ab + cd = ad, ab + cd = abd, ab+cd = acd.
The phraseological units of military vocabulary have been classified according to their structural and semantic characteristics. Structural characteristics of the phraseological word-combinations have demonstrated that the most productive nominative patterns of set-phrase formation are N + N, Adj + N; verbal patterns are less productive: V + N, V +Conj + V, V + Adj +N. According to their semantic characteristics phraseological units have been divided into: phraseological fusions; phraseological unity; phraseological collocations. The metaphor, metonymy, euphemism and analogy are the main mechanisms which have played important role in the process of coining new English military vocabulary.
The conceptual subfields of military innovations and their lexical and phraseological verbalizators have been singled out. Сonsidered were three subfields in accordance with underlying concepts: Modern Warfare and Conflicts; Terrorist Organizations and Antiterrorist Institutions; Weapons, Hardware and Equipment. Relationship has been established between the main concepts of the military sphere and the nominations that verbalize these concepts. The analysis of modern English military vocabulary has enabled to establish the correlation between language and social reality.
The results of study demonstrate that in the quantitative and functional aspects the most significative are lexical and phraseological innovations of the conceptual subfield Weapons, Hardware and Equipment, which make up 48% of all new military vocabulary. Innovations of the conceptual subfield Modern Warfare and Conflicts account for 30% of military lexical and phraseological units; new nominations belonging to the concept subfield Terrorist Organizations and Antiterrorist Institutions - 22% of the total number of units of the military sphere.
We can observe the interconnection between the concepts of the military sphere and the functioning of the innovative units of their nominations. The interdependence between linguistic processes and phenomena of social reality is confirmed in the process of analysis of the conceptual subfields of English military innovations. The nominators of the conceptual subfields reflect the corresponding notions of the military sphere and organize a microsystem, which elements interrelate and correlate with extra linguistic reality.
The further research may be directed to the lingual-cognitive and synergetic studies of English military innovations.
