The dissertation is devoted to the substantiation of theoretical and methodological aspects of the use of estimation as a method of accounting related to economic operations of the life cycle of fixed assets in the system of accounting and its control by economic entities of the state sector of the economy.
In the course of the research the following new scientific results were obtained:
Improved:
- the system of logical connections between taxonomic illustrator of financial reporting and analytical accounting registers has been developed while filling out notes on financial statements in terms of fixed assets. The developed system makes it possible to select additional components of the order on the accounting policy, which made it possible to propose measures for their improvement.
- an algorithm for allocating objects that are subject to accounting from the general class of non-financial assets to different accounting subaccounts. Which allows you to identify the stages of recognition of objects for the management and organization of accounting, and then allocate the riskiest posting operations;
- algorithm of formation of an order on accounting policy for economic entities of the state sector of the economy, which allows us to implement the methodological principles of accounting functioning at these enterprises through the establishment of the logical and analytical connections of certain components of the accounting policy and makes it possible to construct a modern guideline on enterprise accounting policies;
- the classification of fixed assets in relation to the addition of grouping by such a feature as: in functional and physical condition, which can become the basis for the method of calculating fair value, the essence of which is to specify the corridor of its determination by the coefficients proposed for correction, which will increase the level of relevant information;
- the document flow system of fixed assets by adding its analytical accounting card to the determination of fair value, which registers takes into account the specifics of valuation and revaluation of fixed assets at fair value, increases the informativeness of analytical accounting, provides additional opportunities for self-control and control by users of financial reporting and the adoption of effective managerial decisions at all stages of the life cycle of fixed assets by business entities the state and non-state sector of the economy;
- organizational principles for the audit of fixed assets and methodical approaches for distinguishing the riskiest operations through the delineation of audit stages, the introduction of a questionnaire to verify the organization of accounting policies and organization of accounting in terms of assets in the enterprise, testing of professional training of accountants etc.;
- methodical approach to the testing of the cost of fixed assets in order to determine the fluctuations in their fair value, which, unlike existing ones, simplifies the process of business operations in terms of the revaluation, impairment, loss and rehabilitation of fixed assets through the transition from full testing to spot testing and, as a consequence, time saving to increase the informativeness of the entity's accounting.
Has further developed:
- conceptual categorical apparatus, including: modern accounting interpretation of the economic category: "assessment" and "revaluation" as a method of accounting, "fair value", "cost of liquidation", "liquidation value", which, in contrast, already formulated, more fully reveals the accounting features of these categories; introduced the concept of "network value", the result of which is to increase the informativeness of the account for the object of evaluation and the extension of the market approach to the determination of fair value;
- normative regulation of accounting of entities of the state sector of the economy, which made it possible to propose an additional level of accounting policy, namely, to allocate the level of the combined enterprise, which, in contrast to the current levels, takes into account the specifics of valuation of assets in several specific branches, increases the variability of documenting business transactions, and strengthens the role of industry level management;
- a methodical approach to carrying out a revaluation of fixed assets based on a market-based approach to fair value determination, which takes its informative background from electronic platforms, creates information bases for a reliable reflection of the state of fixed assets at enterprises, takes into account the frequency of revaluation of fixed assets and includes the method of information retrieval.
