In the thesis, the long-term effects of the hormesis effect in copper sulfate, which has been formed, are investigated depending on the age of the animals.
It turned out that, against the background of the sequential input of copper sulfate, experimental animals observed a loss of body weight, a decrease in body temperature and a loss of ability to perform work – swimming with a load. These results convincingly indicate inhibition of significant concentrations of copper ions of the general metabolism and abnormal liver function. It was found that 24 hours after the last injection of copper sulphate or 5 days of the first injection of the toxicant, they show signs of liver fibrosis. In particular, the relative weight of the stitch was reduced, the content of collagen increased, and the lobes of the liver germinated with connective tissue. There was a significant increase in the liver capsule venous congestion and even the "separation" of molded elements from the blood plasma. In addition, these changes can be qualified as the initial stage of fibrosis. This is supported by data on the invariance of the content of globulin, cholesterol, creatinine , АсТ і АsТ in blood serum in such animals.
However, tested animals with a hormesis effect on copper ions, had the doubled amount of lipid hydrogen dioxide in blood serum, and this did not depend on the age of the animals. The amount of lipid hydrogen dioxide in the blood serum of the control group of older tested animals was lower in comparison to young animals. The amount of lipid hydrogen dioxide in blood serum in older animals remained lower than in young animals, and after induction of liver fibrosis. The obtained results do not confirm the information on the increase of the content of products of free radical reactions in the process of aging and may indicate the participation of products of free radical reactions in metabolic reactions. Such a significant increase of free radical reactions products in the formation of the hermesis effect and as a consequence of the initial stages of liver fibrosis occurred on the background of reliable inhibition of antioxidant enzymes, in particular glutathione peroxidase, one of the enzymes glutathione cycle. However, this was more shown in older tested animals than young ones. Also, an increase in the amount of lipid hydrogen dioxide in mitochondria was carried out against the background of changes in the activity of glutathione peroxidase, aconitase, glutaredoxin. The obtained results indicate the possible regulatory role of products of free radical reactions and, in particular, the activity of the cellular level of immunity
Also presented are data on some characteristics of the immune system. It turned out that the phagocytic index in young and old animals was reduced by 45 – 50 %. At the same time, the index of completeness of phagocytosis in young animals with liver fibrosis does not differ from the control level, while in the old it was significantly reduced compared to the control.
The study of various physiological, biochemical and immunological parameters after the induction of body resistance to copper sulphate was the most pronounced and rapid in time. The answer was changes in the pro-antioxidant system in both young and old animals. To test the specificity or non-specificity of the o-antioxidant system on the effect of copper sulphate, an experimental model was used, which is an experimental increase in life expectancy, a cyclical feeding regimen.
The results showed that with the cyclic feeding regime the indicators of the pro- antioxidant system were changed. The direction of changes in the system of pro- antioxidant with induced fibrosis of the liver and CRC were different. This may indicate a regular role of the oxidation system, which performs various functions under various experimental effects.
Another important finding of our results on the CRC model is the difference in the content of lipid hydroperoxides in mitochondria and microsomes between the first and subsequent cycles. These differences may indicate the formation of metabolic memory to such factors as successive loss and recovery of body weight, shows similarities in adaptive responses to such different influences as the hormes effect to copper ions and the feeding regimen. At the same time, the activity of phagocytosis remained unchanged.
However, old animals do not lose the ability to adapt to the toxic effects of sulfuric acid, or CFR, they use different metabolic changes, or different strategies for adaptation,studies obtained on a large experimental material preliminary injections into the body of small doses of copper sulfate induce resistance (hormesis effect) to the subsequent introduction of a lethal dose of this toxicant.
