Object: anophthalmos after evisceration / enucleation due to intraocular neoplasms, subatrophy of the eyeball, trauma to the orbit and the orbital region. Objective: To develop new synthetic implants (hybrid hydrogel implant based on polyvinyl alcohol and acrylic gel and polymer-composite material) and to study the effectiveness of their use in the enucleation and evisceration of the eyeball, intraocular or sublobular. Methods: biomicroscopy, visometry, ophthalmoscopy, exophthalmometry, photographic fixation, Hirschberg eye mobility and ultrasound examination, Maklakov tonometry, visual field determination, ultrasound examination of abdominal organs, computed tomography, radiography of the lungs, histological and statistical surveys. It was first discovered that the developed implants based on the hybrid hydrogel composition have high mechanical strength, porosity, which ensures 100% of high penetration of animals biological tissues into the material and the formation of a massive fibrous capsule around it, which prevents the implant from being exposed. For the first time, it has been found that the developed polymer-composite material based on non-woven carbon material and high molecular weight polyethylene has a density of 3-5.6 times greater than other existing carbon materials, which allows to create and retain the desired implant shape as a substitute for soft tissues of the orbit and oculomorbital area. For the first time, it has been found that the polymer-composite material developed has better biocompatibility than polytetrafluoroethylene with respect to the soft tissues of the orbit, ocular-orbital region and the rabbit ear, and promotes tissue germination in its structure in 100% of the animals, which has been confirmed in practice. no rejection reaction in 93.1% of cases with a follow-up period of up to 36 months. For the first time, a new technique of eyeball evisceration with a permanent variable fixation of the ocular prosthesis in the musculoskeletal has been developed due to the formation of holes in the optic membranes in it, which prevents infection of the implant. A new method of forming the musculoskeletal stump with the implant of polytetrafluoroethylene in patients after eyeball enucleation for uveal melanoma was developed and implemented, which allowed to obtain a positive cosmetic effect in 93.0% of cases. A model of individual eye prosthesis with permanent variable fixation and technique of forming a hole in the musculoskeletal stump was developed, which allowed to improve the total mobility of the prosthesis in four meridians from 93,00 to 130,00 (SD = 5,38) and cosmetic effect in 100% of cases. A polymer-composite material based on non-woven carbon material and high molecular weight polyethylene and implant based on a hybrid hydrogel composition was developed to create a musculoskeletal stump and to repair defects in the soft tissues of the orbit and oculorbital region. However implant materials are hardly manufactured in Ukraine today. In this regard, the creation of implants made of synthetic polymeric materials for the repair of anatomic and functional lesions is relevant. The developed implants based on the hybrid hydrogel composition have high mechanical strength, porosity, which ensures high penetration of biological tissues into the material and the formation of a massive fibrous capsule around it, which prevents the implant from being exposed in 100% of animals (rabbits). Implants made of polymer composite material based on carbon material and high molecular weight polyethylene have a density of 3-5.6 times greater than other existing carbon materials, which allows to create and retain the required implant shape for soft tissue replacement in orbit and oculomorbital area. The polymer-composite material has a better biocompatibility than polytetrafluoroethylene due to the soft tissues of the orbit, ocular orbital region and the rabbit auricle, as well as the ability to germinate tissues in its structure in 100% of animals, which is confirmed by the absence of rejection reaction in 93.1 % of cases with within monitoring period of up to 36 months. In the formation of musculoskeletal stump of polytetrafluoroethylene after enucleation of the eyeball due to intraocular melanoma in 7% of cases (7 patients out of 100) the reaction of implant rejection occurred. The developed model of an individual eye prosthesis with permanent fixation and the technique of forming a hole in the musculoskeletal stump allowed to improve the total mobility of the prosthesis in the four meridians from 93,0 to 130,00 (SD = 5,38) and cosmetic effect in 100% of cases. The results of the work were implemented in the clinical practice of the Department of Ophthalmology of Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine. Scope - medicine, ophthalmology.
