The dissertation is devoted to the issue of increasing the efficiency of the threshing process and separating the bread mass of the threshing-separation device. The process of operation of threshing drums' scum on the bread mass, the influence
of the parameters and operating modes of the drums on the process of threshing and grain separation in the SMЕ is investigated.
The mathematical model of improvement of the process of threshing, mass separation and reduction of the trauma of grain in the thresher margin of the SME is developed, which allows to obtain the dependence of the influence of structural and technological parameters on the level of threshing, separation, trauma and grain losses. It has been established that a significant reserve for improving the threshing process, mass separation and reducing the level of injury of the SME grain can be an increase in the ratio of the diameter of the drum to the number of bursts, especially at increased speeds in the thresher gap. Thus, an increase of this coefficient from 0,07 to 0,10 – 0,11 leads to an improvement of mass separation and a reduction in the level of trauma of grain by 45 – 55 %.
As a result of laboratory - field studies, it was established that grain losses after cleaning of the SME in the harvesting of grain crops are 0,45 – 0,5 %, the purity of bunker grain – 98 – 99 %. The rational structural and technological parameters of the SME provided the maximum intensity of threshing and grain separation and the minimum trauma is the feed of 8 – 12 kg/s, the angular velocity of the threshing drums: the first – 63 – 74 rad/s, second and third – 82 – 88 rad/s, working gap at the output between the drum and the deck in the range from 12 mm to 2 mm. Reducing the working gap at the outlet between the drum and the deck in the range of 12 mm to 2 mm is accompanied by an increase in the level of injury of grain within 1 – 2 %.
According to the results of the production test, the combine is used Slavutich, equipped with a modernized multi-drum of SME, found that the use of upgraded SMEs provides a reduction in the degree of grinding grain by 1 % of the total wetland; grain deterioration from 26,2 – 30,0 to 20,4 – 24,1 % of the total grain injury; an increase in the increment of milk extra grain 8,7 tons, improving the quality of grain by reducing micro-damage.
It has been established that the use of more "soft" modes of the first drum and the stiffer following drums (rotors) will enable to intensify the process of threshing and grain separation and reduce its damage and injury and obtain an annual economic effect 58309,1 UAH.
Research results have been introduced into production.
Key words: grain harvester, threshing-separating device, drums, analysis, models, parameters, technological processes, regimes.
