Pryimak N. Accounting for financial instruments of crediting trade enterprises

The thesis is devoted to the substantiation and development of organizational and methodological recommendations on improving accounting for transactions related to financial instruments for lending to trade enterprises. The conceptual apparatus has been clarified, which made it possible to identify financial lending instruments as part of financial instruments. The object of the research is the system of accounting for operations with financial instruments for lending to trade enterprises. The subject of the research is a set of theoretical, organizational, methodological and practical provisions of the accounting support of operations with financial instruments for lending to trade enterprises. Improved methodological support of accounting reflection of operations with financial instruments of lending in terms of the development of the use of elements of the accounting method (accounts, double entry). Developed accounting and information support of the communication interaction of an enterprise with groups of interested parties in terms of providing information on constituent transactions with financial lending instruments (Form No. 1 Balance (Financial Status Report), Form No. 3 Report on Cash Flows, No. 5 "Notes to the annual financial statements") and management reports on: 1) the state and movement of long-term and short-term financial instruments 2) the formation of financial costs for financial instruments there is lending; 3) cash flows as a result of receipt / repayment of financial liabilities on financial lending instruments; 4) risk management in transactions with financial lending instruments; Documentary support has been introduced for the system of harmonization of financial statements in accordance with the requirements of IFRS in terms of operations with financial lending instruments based on the allocation of information blocks ((Block 1. The main components of an enterprise’s accounting policy regarding financial lending instruments; Block 2. Disclosure in F№ 1 Balance Report on the financial condition) of information on classes of financial lending instruments; Block 3. Disclosure in Ф№ 2 Report on financial results (Report on comprehensive income) of the item of income and p expenses on financial instruments of lending; Block 4. Disclosure of the fair value of financial instruments of lending with indication of the level of information source hierarchy; Block 5. Disclosure of information on collateral when attracting financial lending instruments)), on the basis of which supplements to the financial statements of enterprises are developed, creates an information basis to harmonize approaches to disclosure of information in the statements and obtain relevant information for the management of the enterprise. Clarified the accounting policies in terms of operations with financial instruments of lending (general provisions on the organizational and management structure of a trade enterprise, work plan of accounts, workflow schedule and technology for processing accounting information, analytical accounting accounts with a detailed description of each account, options for accounting, recognition, write-off and evaluation of objects, forms of primary accounting documents, accounting registers used in accounting), which increases the efficiency of the organization of accounting ka to the information support tool for managing operations with financial instruments for lending to trade enterprises. Clarified the classification of the loan on the basis of theoretical justification of classification criteria, and based on them the allocation of elements of financial instruments of credit as objects of accounting is justified, contributes to the improvement of their reflection in the accounting system; We consider the rationale for the concepts of "financial instrument of credit" (a form of providing business entities with credit resources to finance their activities, implemented through credit market instruments in the form of financial documents (specific obligations) and "credit" (a form of providing business entities with borrowed resources to finance their activities carried out through financial lending instruments in the form of financial assets and financial liabilities) to increase the effect and decision making in the field of managing sources of financing activities based on accounting and analytical information; Emphasis is placed on the theoretical substantiation of the main directions of improving the accounting for financial lending instruments: the need to unify the accounting standards for lending financial instruments in a single position; improvement of the calculation method. The author studies theoretical approaches to the procedure for evaluating financial lending instruments based on the use of IFRS, which creates prerequisites for rational reflection of operations with financial lending instruments in the accounting system.