The aim of the present study is to develop the technology of the multilevel geological and geophysical information application to assess the state and chalanges of natural environment development at the urban areas.
The dissertation provides a general overview of the organization of environmental monitoring system in Ukraine as well as the monitoring of individual environmental components of the Kyiv agglomeration and other urban areas.
The block of geophysical information in ArcGIS was created and updated as an element of the general environmental monitoring system of the Kyiv agglomeration and other settlements of Ukraine. This block includes the geophysical survey data of the exogenous processes study, the information of the radioactive logging for buildings construction, results of the classification of the Kyiv districts, magnetic studies of the soil, tree barks, and air filters pollution in Kyiv and 58 cities of Ukraine with the different anthropogenic impact.
The example of the radioisotope methods application for the determining of the physical and mechanical properties of soils and the groundwater levels assessment at the Poznyaki district of Kyiv are presented. The groundwater level was determined with the soil moisture attraction from the well data according to the rock composition.
In the dissertation, we consider the statistical modeling method (Monte Carlo) to improve the quality of mapping constructions with еру uneven observation network (on the example of the flooding at the left bank of Kyiv).
The technology of multilevel data using in the system of monitoring of geological processes on the example of the flooding was developed. This technology includes data obtaining by various field and well methods, preliminary systematization, data processing and verification, geocoding, GIS modeling, maps and cross-section preparing.
The possibility of using of the rapid and low-cost magnetic methods to study soil pollution with heavy metals in urban areas has been investigated. The comparative characterization of soils from twelve cities in Ukraine by low-frequency magnetic susceptibility (χlf) and its frequency dependence is considered (kfd). The magnetic susceptibility of Ukrainian city soil varies from 2.3 to 7963.3*10-8 m3/kg. This distribution reflects the level of the man-maid impact to the urban environment. The frequency dependence of the magnetic susceptibility of urban soils in the most cases is <6%. The most polluted soils are at the areas with the advanced metallurgical industry: Mariupol, Zaporizhzhia, Kryvyi Rih. The slight pollution was registered with the magnetic susceptibility measurements for Boryspil, Ochakiv, and Melitopol.
The significant correlation between soil magnetic susceptibility χ and heavy metals content for the urban environment was registered for Ni (0.348), Sn (0.39), Pb (0.37), Cu (0.37), Zn (0.33), Mn (0.25), Co (0.22), Cr (0.23). The significance level p<0.01, and Pollution Load Index (PLI) is 0.437. The maps of the soil magnetic susceptibility and tree barks distribution for Kyiv confirmed the presence of the magnetic minerals of the anthropogenic origin from the atmosphere dust.
The criteria for the selection of the test points related to the soil magnetic susceptibility anomalous were determined and applied on the case of Kyiv. This criterion includes the areal uniformity of the observation points distribution and the presence of the sampling points at all studying zones (anomalous, transitional and background values).
The results of studying demonstrated the efficiency of the joint magnetic and geochemical investigation for the environmental monitoring and heavy metals pollution assessment of the urban areas. The maps of the soil magnetic susceptibility distribution contributed the additional information to the geochemical database with low-cost and time saving technology.
