The dissertation is devoted to deepening of theoretical provisions, substantiation of theoretical and methodical foundations of the industrial enterprise adaptation processes management and development of practical recommendations for their use in the process of industrial enterprises’ management in the process of adaptation to the external environment in the conditions of globalization of modern economic processes in Ukraine. The paper defines the substantive characteristics and interrelation of the concepts of «adaptation», «adaptation process» and systematizes factors of the external environment that influence the adaptation process of an industrial enterprise.
The dissertation analyzes the scientific approaches to determining the main content of adaptation processes, classifies the types of adaptation taking into account the process-flow approach, according to which in the process of adaptation there is a change in the directions of movement of the financial, material, informational, human, and intellectual flows as the most dynamic elements of the external environment.
In the paper it is substantiated that in order to form the adaptation process, it is necessary to determine the efficiency of the enterprises’ activity as an open stationary system, using the cybernetic approach of a black box, where in the input there are resources supplied, in the output there are goods or services received, and inside the box there is a transformation process.
It is proposed to use the following approach to determine the main factors and structure of the external and internal environment in the analysis of seven enterprises of the mechanical engineering industry of Kharkiv region: the external is divided into the main two groups of factors of direct influence – microenvironment and indirect influence; internal factors are the microenvironment.
As elements of the internal environment, it is proposed to use the following five main components to diagnose the state of enterprises: scientific and technological, functional, resource, organizational and management.
In the dissertation, the influence of macro environmental factors on the enterprises of the mechanical engineering industry is analyzed using the PEST-analysis method. Micro environmental analysis is done using a strategic model of M. Porter’s «5 Forces» analysis and expert evaluation using the developed questionnaires.
The logical sequence of application of organizational and methodical support for the implementation of the adaptation mechanism in the enterprise is proposed, which on the one hand should contain a system of relations between the subjects of the adaptation process for operational adjustment of their actions at all levels of management of the improved organizational structure of the enterprise, and on the other, a methodical support.
A methodical approach to managing the processes of adaptation of industrial enterprises to the conditions of external environment is proposed, which includes three main components: 1) monitoring and analysis of the internal environment; 2) monitoring and analysis of the external environment using PEST analysis; 3) development of own matrix and application of the method of the best scenarios selection using elements of SWOT-analysis.
In the dissertation, it is suggested to use the constructed three-dimensional model for determination of quadrants in which the enterprises of mechanical engineering industry will be located after determination of changes of the external environment and analysis of the internal environment. The three-dimensional coordinate system is proposed as follows: the Y axis shows the influence of microenvironmental factors on the indicators of M. Porter’s strategic model of «5 Forces» analysis; the X axis reflects the influence of the macroenvironmental factors on the indicators according to the PEST analysis groups; the Z axis characterizes the internal state of the enterprise based on the analysis of indicators of the main blocks of elements of the internal environment.
The proposed three-dimensional model consists of eight quadrants. Depends on the state of the enterprise under study, the author proposes to apply different strategic kits, which imply improvement of an existing or development of new strategies, which will allow the enterprise to adapt to the tendencies of changes and provide it with positive development.
It is proved that in the organizational structure of enterprise management there should be units responsible for monitoring trends in the external environment and diagnostics of the current state of the enterprise in order to make a scientifically justified managerial decision on the need for adaptation or bifurcation, the model of managerial decision making developed, «Regulations on the organization of monitoring at the enterprise» is developed. The frequency of monitoring by directions and the responsible units are elaborated and presented.
