Karastan O. Microsatellite markers in the study of genetic resources and breeding of grapes Vitis vinifera L.

The thesis is devoted to research of molecular genetic polymorphism of microsatellite DNA loci, evaluation of genetic diversity of grape and hybrid forms from the ampelographic collection of NSC “Institute of viticulture and wine-making named after V. Ye. Tairov” and analysis of p3_VVAGL11 microsatellite marker effectiveness for the marker-assisted selection. The allelic characteristics of a standard set of 9 microsatellite DNA loci (VVS2, VVMD5, VVMD7, VVMD27, ZAG62, ZAG79, VVMD32, VVMD36 and VVMD25) were obtained for 80 grape samples. The possibility of genotype reconstruction in case of physical absence of plant material was shown for ‘Severnyi’, ‘Odesskii ustoichivi’ and ‘Dekorativnyi’ by microsatellite profile analyzing of their descendants. Allele sizes of 8, 5 and 8 loci were determined for ‘Severniy’, ‘Odesskii ustoichivi’ and ‘Dekorativniy’ varieties, correspondingly. Reconstructed genotypes were used for the study of pedigrees of these varieties. The possibility of the origin of ‘Odesskii ustoichivi’ (‘Babeasca neagra’ x ‘Rupestris du lot’) from the ‘Babeasca neagra’ and the ‘Dekorativnyi’ (‘Severnyi’ × ‘Saperavi’) ‘Severnyi’ was confirmed. Verification of grape pedigrees by comparative analysis of samples genotypes and their probable parental varieties and the subsequent deduction of statistical probability were carried out. In the pedigree of 51 samples, both parents were confirmed; the origin of 22 samples was verified using genotypes of ancestor varieties; in the origin of three samples one of the probable parental varieties was rejected; one sample was discovered to have an incorrect name. Also, the father variety was defined for six varieties and seedlings, obtained as a result of the application of "pollination with a mixture of pollen of several varieties" breeding method. By using the "likelihood ratio" a paternity index was calculated for a statistical confirmation of 51 grape samples origin. All samples showed a greater probability of origin from the proposed parents (X×Y) than from any random varieties that did not participate in the study. The index Х×Y varied from 103 to 1012. The main parameters of genetic diversity of 80 varieties and hybrid forms were analyzed, and 108 alleles in 9 microsatellite loci were detected. Diagnostic suitability of 198 bp allele for the early screening of seedless plants was verified on seedlings ‘Kobzar’ × ‘Rusalka 3’, and its usefulness was shown.