Chumbei V. Optimization of Tillage for Buckwheat in Organic Agriculture of the Carpathian Region of Ukraine

The thesis paper is devoted to determination of efficiency of primary and pre-sowing tillage of turf deep podzolic silt soil and establishment of regularities of formation of economically and energetically expedient, adequate resources of buckwheat productivity in the Carpathian region of Ukraine. The effect of the options for the primary and pre-sowing tillage of various depths and methods on the agrophysical, agrochemical indicators of soil fertility, potential and actual weediness of the soil, as well as the yield of sowing buckwheat grain and its quality indicators is studied. An economic and energy assessment of crop cultivation was carried out. According to the results of two experiments, the combination of basic chisel soil tillage on 20–22 cm and the successive conducting of early spring harrowing, harrowing with heavy tooth-boring harrows and pre-sowing cultivation at the depth of the seed placement is optimal. This ensured the control of the number of weeds at the level of 10 pcs./m^2 during the stairs, 15 pcs./m^2 – flowering and 17 pcs./m^2 – maturation. The mass of weeds was 194 g/m^2. The above measures made it possible to obtain high-quality buckwheat grain with a yield of 3.3–3.9 t/ha, a profitability level of 121.8 % and an energy efficiency coefficient of Kee=4.98.