Babyn I. The improvement of efficiency of the washing system of milking machines

The purpose of the research is to improve the efficiency of the washing system of milking machines by applying appropriate automated technical and technological support with the substantiated design and mode parameters. To achieve this goal, a scientific hypothesis has been put forward, according to which the efficiency of the washing system of milking machines depends on the hydrodynamic processes of movement of two-phase washing solution and can be ensured by the automated control of the regime parameters of technical and technological support. Analytical dependences of the movement of a two-phase detergent on the milk-conducting line of the milking machine taking into consideration hydraulic shock, which substantiate the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the washing system depending on the design parameters of the system and physical-mechanical characteristics of the two-phase detergent, have been determined. Mathematical dependences have been developed that make it possible to optimize the regime parameters of the air injector depending on the design parameters of the milk system under the conditions of minimizing the rate of pressure change on the milk line and ensuring the destruction of milk sediments. The dependence of the velocity of the detergent taking into account the force characteristics of adhesion and physical-mechanical parameters of milk sediments, which covers the structural parameters of the milk-conducting line and physical-mechanical characteristics of the detergent, which enables overcoming the adhesion forces of milk sediments. The dependence of the influence of the design and mode parameters of the hydroinjector of the washing system of the milking machine, which creates a jet of detergent of directed action on the purification degree of the surface of the milk-conducting system from milk sediments, have been further developed. The method of studying the contamination of the milk-conducting line on the basis of the light intensity of a given spectrum through the studied layer has been improved and the correlation between the thickness of the contamination layer and the intensity of light flux and the light absorption coefficient of the contamination layer has been defined. The physico-mathematical model of operation processes of the hydro-injector of the washing system, that creates a jet of detergent of directional action for cleaning the inner surfaces of the milk-conducting system, has been developed. As the result of theoretical studies, the dependence of the radius of the area of impact of the jet and its pressure on the surface of the milk-conducting system from the inner diameter of the nozzle, the distance to it at different values of the pressure at the outlet of the nozzle has been obtained. The expediency of using the developed equipment for automatic determination of the contamination of the milk-conducting line in the technological operation of washing milk systems has been experimentally proved. The dependence of the thickness of the layer of milk moving in the glass tube on the resistance of the photoresistor, which receives the light, is partially absorbed by the layer of milk. Experimental studies of the air injector operating modes of the system have revealed the dependence of the rate of pressure change and changes in the degree of purity of the milk-conducting line from the working vacuum pressure, the volume flow rate of air through the air injector, the duration of the injection of the air injector and the duration of the pause. The dependence of the value of the force of the jet of washing solution on the surface and the degree of cleaning of the surface from milk deposits after washing from the pressure at the outlet of the nozzle, the distance between the nozzle and the surface and its inner diameter.