The dissertation is devoted to research and substantiation of theoretical and methodological positions of identification and evaluation of export potential enterprises of grain industry and development of practical recommendations on the directions of its development. In this work the methods of estimation are investigated, as well as factors of development of export potential are analyzed.
It was established that the main exporters of grain in Ukraine are agri holdings. They allocate significant funds to meet the needs of their own seed farms, which select elite seeds for the holding's agricultural enterprises’ needs, as well as sell it on the domestic market and abroad.
In scientific work has been further developed the economic and mathematical modeling impact assessments on grain exports of the most important factors with defining the contributions of each of them in its dynamics, which allows forecasting grain exports and making reasonable management decisions regarding the formation and implementation the agricultural enterprises’ export potential. Based on correlation-regression analysis, the dependence of exports on the following factors was established, such as: the export price of corn grain, the export price of wheat grain and, accordingly, the volume of exports of corn and wheat by Ukraine, the ratio of world prices for these grains to domestic prices; gross grain harvest in Ukraine.
The economic activity of one of the leading seed enterprises of Kyiv region, which is engaged in the selection of corn and winter wheat seeds – LLC “Agrofirma Kolos” is analyzed. The main activities of LLC “Agrofirma Kolos” are crop production, animal husbandry, processing of own production and scientific activity. The farm cultivates about 20 varieties of winter wheat and 15 hybrids of corn. The research has proved that domestic hybrids of corn seeds are highly productive, adapted to the natural and climatic conditions of Ukraine and have a yield potential from 12,5 to 15 t/ha.
The assessment of the grain enterprises’ export potential shows that among the surveyed agricultural enterprises the highest level of export potential has LLC "Agrofirma Kolos", as the integrated indicator is 0.44, which is higher compared to other enterprises. Note, that the high value of this indicator is due to the higher level of production, economic, marketing and management potential. The lowest level of export potential has LLC “Lishchynske” – 0,307. It should be noted that despite the relatively high level of production potential, this company has much lower levels of usage the production and marketing potential.
The results of the analysis of the Boston Consulting Group Matrix allow us to suggest the studied companies to choose the following development strategies. Thus, we offer LLC “Agrofirma Kolos” to choose a diversification strategy, LLC “Lishchynske” – an integration development strategy, State Enterprise “Experimental Farm Cherkaske“– an economic growth strategy based on innovations.
It is concluded that an important influence on the formation and development of grain export potential has the institutional component, scilicet state regulation of the agricultural sector of Ukraine, which is considered as a set of methods, forms, tools and institutions to ensure sustainable development of the agricultural sector and the development of export potential, taking into account the comparative advantages of the country and the factors of globalization's development.
The systematic approach’s application to the grain market regulation, the implementation of stable rules of economic activity is a necessary condition for the stable development of grain production and the development of its export potential.
According to the average forecast in 2023, producers are able to export grain crops by 56,6 million tons, including corn – 32,3 million tons. Considering the risks in the production activities of agricultural producers and the uncertainty of economic processes in the future, were also proposed pessimistic and optimistic forecasts of grain exports, respectively, 52,1 and 60,1 million tons.
Conceptual bases of increase the efficiency of an export potential’s formation process in agrarian formations on the basic of transition to bases of sustainable development, improvement of the management mechanism and the estimation order of the realization results of tools and actions are formed.
The main scientific conditions, which are substantiated in the dissertation, deepen the theoretical, methodical and practical knowledge on the issues of the economic potential enterprises’ formation of grain industry of Ukraine.
