Maksymov Y. Pecualirities of diagnostics and complex treatment of patients with partial defects and secondary deformations of dentitions

It was established that 74.4% of people who sought prosthetic treatment were found dentition defects. In patients aged 20-30 years with dentition defects, secondary deformities were diagnosed in 96.9% of women and 100% of men. At the age of 31-40 years, all patients with dentition defects had secondary deformities, with mesial and distal displacement of the teeth detected in 60.0% of cases, and dentoalveolar elongation in the defect area in 40.0%. All patients aged 41-50 years and 51-60 years and older had dentition defects, of which 36.7% were restored with dentures. All women over the age of 40 were diagnosed with secondary deformations of the dentition, while in men orthodontic pathology was detected in 85.7% of cases in the group of 41-50 years and in 75.0% - 51-60 years and older. Biometric measurements of diagnostic models of patients with partial absence of teeth revealed the deformation of both dentitions in the transverse and sagittal planes due to their narrowing or expansion, elongation or shortening. Experimental studies show that after two weeks of application of vertical 1 kg-force (9.8 N) and horizontal 2 kg-force (19.6 N), both to temporary dental implants and to orthodontic mini-implants installed at an angle of 15-20 ° and 90 ° to the body plane of the fresh rib of the pig, visual inspection of the ribs at a magnification of 2.5 and 3.5 times revealed no changes in the bone around the implants. Implants, both orthodontic and dental, did not change their initial position; they were immobile and stable. In the analysis of X-rays of bone tissue of the studied samples of ribs taken before and after exercise, morphological changes in the bone around the implants were also not detected. Clinical trial data also confirmed the stability of the position of implants, as additional skeletal support in adult patients with dentition defects, under the action of orthodontic forces, the absence of disintegration and periimplantitis. Analysis of the results of anthropometric measurements of patients with partial defects and secondary deformations of the dentition in the sagittal and transverse planes after orthodontic treatment indicates the normalization of the shape of the dentition. Also, the effectiveness of orthodontic treatment was evidenced by measurements of the anterior segment of the dentitions of both jaws. When using temporary dental implants as additional skeletal support during orthodontic treatment with fixed dentures in patients with partial defects secondary deformations of the dentitions, normalization of the angles of inclination (torque and angulation) of the teeth, bounded the defects of the dentitions, and increasing the distance between these teeth.