Kazmir V. Organizational and economic mechanism of the grain market

The evolution of scientific views on the study of the grain market is considered, the essence and subsystems of the organizational and economic mechanism of the grain market are revealed. It is established that the specifics of the applied use of the organizational and economic mechanism of the grain market explains the diversity of positions on its components, subsystems and structure. The content of each subsystem and their number depend on the specifics and scale of economic activity, the level of influence of the state and the environment, purpose, results of activities and so on. Taking into account the advantages and disadvantages of existing approaches, it is motivated that to identify the effectiveness of the organizational and economic mechanism of the grain market, taking into account the qualitative use of the capsule approach. The author's system of indicators of identification of organizational and economic mechanism of grain market functioning is developed, which takes into account: main business processes, organizational interactions, logistic, communication, transport chains and specifics of grain production and includes the following groups of indices: adaptability index; maturity index; flexibility index. An assessment of the current state and trends of the grain market, in particular, found that cereals occupy more than 14 million hectares or 56% in the structure of sown areas. The gross harvest of cereals and legumes increased in 2019 to 75,143 thousand tons against 38,674 thousand tons in 1991 (by 95.8%), there was an increase in grain yields in 2019 ‒ 49.1 kg / ha, against 26, 5 c / ha). Profitability of cereals and legumes was observed from 1.5% to 275.1% (fluctuations over the years was 273.6). Average prices for cereals and legumes increased from 94.3 UAH / t in 1991 to 3867.5 UAH / ha in 2019, and in 2018 they amounted to 4315.0 UAH / ha. Ukraine's share in world grain trade increased from 1 to 10%.