The dissertation work is devoted to researches of technogenic loading on phytocenoses of natural forage lands in the conditions of Vinnytsia region.
The research program provided for the study of pollution intensity, accumulation coefficient and danger of Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu in phytocenoses of natural forage lands (absolute land, normal land and land of excessive moisture) in conditions of different man-caused load of Vinnytsia region.
The results of research showed that in the studied areas of Vinnytsia the content of lead in soils ranged from 2,9 mg / kg to 3,2 mg / kg, cadmium from 0.48 mg / kg to 0,51 mg / kg, zinc from 11, 4 mg / kg to 18,3 mg / kg and copper from 0,15 mg / kg to 0,20 mg / kg, which did not exceed the MPC. The highest level of accumulation of lead, cadmium, zinc and copper in the soils was observed in the lands of excessive moisture, relatively lower in the conditions of normal and absolute lands.
According to the results of research in the vegetation of dry lowland meadows, the concentration of lead ranged from 0.93 mg / kg to 2,24 mg / kg, cadmium from 0,051 mg / kg to 0,084 mg / kg, zinc from 6,8 mg / kg to 14,6 mg / kg and copper from 1,7 mg / kg to 1,9 mg / kg. The highest level of accumulation of heavy metals was observed in the phytomass of natural fodder meadows in conditions of excessive moisture.
With the improvement of the productivity of natural fodder meadows, a higher level of accumulation of heavy metals in the cereal and legume phytomass was found during surface tillage, and relatively lower – during radical improvement. It was found that the level of heavy metals in the first year of vegetation of cereals and legumes increased, and in subsequent years of vegetation decreased, especially in the case of radical improvement of natural fodder meadows. The concentration of lead and cadmium in the vegetative mass of cereals and legumes with a radical improvement of natural fodder meadows decreased from the first year of vegetation. In particular, on average over three years of vegetation when using milling, conventional plowing and application of defects and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizers, the concentration of lead and cadmium decreased by 2,0 times and 1,3 times, respectively, and with the use of milling, deep plowing and application defecation and the same fertilizers – 2,5 times and 1,8 times.
High intensity of reduction of accumulation of lead and cadmium in the cereal-legume mixture was detected with the application of organic fertilizers compared to minerals (ammonium nitrate, potassium chloride and superphosphate).
