However, according to a number of researchers, the degree of margin bone adaptation depends rather on implant construction than on surgery placement procedure or functional loading terms. In this case, screw type implants with harsh surface (e.g. received after titanium application with plasma or sandblasting with TiO2) are preferable.
They provide stronger initial bone fixation, resulting in the achievement of stronger implant and bone contact. The essential features of the efficient one-stage implant placement procedure include such properties of endoosseous screw construction as to ensure excellent initial implant fixation in bone tissues of any architectonic type, to distribute functional bone loading in an optimal way, to prevent osteoresorption processes, to provide favourable conditions for the planning and manufacturing of orthopaedic construction.
Such alloy patterns were laboratory tested in terms of sanitary and chemical as well as histologic expertise: nanostructured sandblasted and acid-etched titanium, titanium alloy ВТ-6, sandblasted and acid-etched, titanium alloy ВТ-6 with the oxidized surface (rutile), nanostructured titanium with the oxidized surface (rutile). In vitro cell culture method was applied to study the histotoxic impact of the researched pattern extracts. It was treated as the model testing system in the conducted research. The results of the abovementioned research proved the absence of histotoxic additive components in the studied patterns and their biocompatibility with the tissues of the test animals in implantation area.
Taking into account the significance of the comparative analysis of endoosseous implant surfaces of different materials, the expertise algorithm of macro- and microstructure was developed (A. Yefymenko et al 2018) According to the harshness testing of different endoosseous implant surfaces with the signs of minimal, maximal and medium measurement of harshness elements, that is the oxidization of titanium alloy ВТ-6 resulting in rutile generation which promoted the formation of even and smooth layer. In its turn, it had a positive impact on osseointegration process.
In order to reach the research objectives 54 male and female patients were examined. They were subdivided into three sample groups on the basis of the placed implant surface material. Digital orthopantomographies obtained at the different stages of their orthopedic treatment were employed as the primary material for histogram morphometry. Morphometric evaluation of peri-implant bone tissue state showed the decrease of numeric values of architectonic indices in all sample groups compared to the initial ones. That is the evidence of active bone remodeling. Received results allowed to conclude that endoosseous implant surface material has no influence on the process of reparative regeneration. In general, it usually lasts from 1 to 3 months after permanent porcelain fused metal denture fixation.
Domestic scientific sources lack information on clinical efficiency of endoosseous dental implant use with rutile-modified surface. Therefore, the assumption of vasculomotor response of peri-implant mucosa contacting with rutile implant surface was verified. In this case, patients with the placed titanium endoosseous implants and fixed porcelain fused metal dentures served as a control group. In a month period after prosthetic treatment completion numerical indices increased in both groups.
However, group 2 had slightly higher results. Taking into account the fact, that the growth of average histogram value indicates hyperemia decrease, we can conclude about gradual reduction of inflammatory reaction over time. Firstly, it can be explained with the regeneration process upholding. Secondly, it is connected with the mucosa defence reaction against food traumatization. Finally, it is caused with the positive impact of implant material surface. Despite statistically similar indices received from group 1 and 2, the patients with the placed rutile-surfaced implants demonstrated more intense dynamics.
Summing up, it should be stated that different contacting surface preparation methods, namely nanostructuring and oxidization accompanied with rutile layer generation, have positive impact on reparative regeneration processes and osseointegration, resulting in the improvement of fixed denture prosthetics.Some fragments of the research were introduced into the production process of domestic endoosseous one-stage dental implants of different surface preparation (see the appendix).
