The object of the study was the symptoms and signs associated with the circulatory system and breathing
The methodology of the research consisted of seven stages, each of which implemented the tasks of the work and formed the design of the study. The study is simple cross-sectional, cohort, single-center, and case-control, retrospective.
The clinical material is presented by health data of 109 males of 10-11 years: 26 of them have been engaged in football for more than four years; 34 - engaged in football from two to four years; 21 - engaged in football up to two years; 28 - do not play sports (control group).
The clinical study included a close examination of the anamnesis, physical examination, anthropometry with measurement of body mass index, ratio of waist circumference to hip circumference, measurement of skin fold thickness over the biceps, triceps, the scapula and iliac crest.
To determine the functional status of the respiratory system, we performed studies of the external respiration function on a Custo-Vit (Germany) and KhAI-Medica (Ukraine) computerized pneumatic tachography.
To determine the functional state of the cardiovascular system, echocardiography was performed with the determination of morphometric parameters of the heart and main vessels, determination of pumping and contractile function, preload and after loading of the left ventricle, general peripheral vascular resistance; Doppler echocardiography with determination of the ratio of maximum velocity of early transcapsular hemorrhage to maximum velocity of late transcapsular blood flow on ultrasound machine "Nemio" ("Toshiba", Japan). To detect latent abnormalities of cardiac rhythm and conduction, "mute" myocardial ischemia and to determine the maximum, minimum and average values of blood pressure and daily monitoring of ECG and blood pressure ("HAI-health", Ukraine). To determine the functionality of the cardiovascular system under physical activity, functional tests were performed using an electrocardiographic diagnostic complex with the СardioLab cycle ergometric system (KhAI-MEDICA, Ukraine).
Nonparametric methods of statistical processing of the material were used, Kraskal-Wallis multivariate analysis, and logistic regression analysis.
It has been determined that the respiratory function in boys 10-11 years of age engaged in football is characterized by an increase in respiratory volume and minute respiratory volume compared with peers who do not play sports, as the length of sports activities increases: and 20.3% boys who play football, regardless of their length of service, have reduced respiratory function by 20%, which requires further monitoring.
The scientific data on adaptation of the cardiovascular system in boys of 10-11 years engaged in football, which depends on the length of sports activities and is characterized by an increase in morphometric parameters of the heart, pumping and contractile function, overload and afterload of the left ventricle. It is determined that the adaptation of the cardiovascular system is characterized by a decrease in the total peripheral vascular resistance at the beginning of training with a further increase in values as the length of sports training increases. Diastolic function of the left ventricular is characterized in children who exercise an increase in the ratio of the flow rate of early diastolic filling of the LV to the rate of late diastolic filling of the left ventricular.
It is proved that the first four years of sports activities are characterized by the hyperdynamic mode of hemodynamics, acquiring the values of normodynamics after the fourth year removed by sports.
It is found that features of bioelectric adaptation of the heart are transient rhythm disturbances and changes characteristic of vagotonia such as sinus bradycardia, atrial extrasystole, atrioventricular blockade of 1 degree, the frequency of which increases with the increase of the term of sports by 4.4 times; an increase as the length of training of average systolic blood pressure in the daytime increases, and in 10% of children, signs of labile hypertension, decrease in the beginning of diastolic blood pressure training in the daytime.
It has been determined that exercise tolerance increases in boys 10-11 years with an increase in football experience if they have been playing sports for more than 2 years. In 10% of children involved in sports revealed a low reserve of the cardiovascular system for exercise on the results of bicycle ergometry.
The Sports Health Assessment Card and sound indications for its use have been developed. Medical observation and innovational elemets for children 10-11 years old who is involved in sports is offered.
