Fedoryshyn O. Mechanism and kinetics of the extraction of biologically active substances from plant raw materials

This thesis on Candidate Degree in Technical Sciences: specialty 05.17.08 - Processes and the Equipment of chemical technology competition. - Lviv Polytechnic National University, Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. Lviv, 2021. Specialized Academic Council D 35.052.09. The dissertation is devoted to solving an important scientific and practical problem. It consisted of the study of the process of obtaining phenolic compounds and flavonoids from plant raw materials and optimization of the process for their obtaining from Carlina acaulis, Calendula officinalis and Gladiolus imbricatus, as potential drugs. The peculiarities of extraction of biologically active substances of these medicinal plants are investigated in this work. The identification of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in the objects of research was carried out; a method for obtaining water-alcohol extracts from medicinal plant raw materials was developed, and their qualitative and quantitative composition as potential drugs was studied; optimal parameters of extraction of phenolic compounds and flavonoids are established. The kinetic equations extraction of phenolic compounds and flavonoids from Carlina acaulis was obtained for the first time, the kinetic regularities of extraction are investigated, the conditions of the process are established, which is confirmed by the dynamics of accumulation of phenolic compounds and flavonoids. The diffusion coefficients of phenolic compounds and flavonoids through the cell wall were calculated Ds. Detected that diffusion coefficients Ds limit the process. The diffusion coefficient in the intercellular space DM were calculated, and it is shown that its value does not depend on the size of the solid phase. The diffusion coefficient in the layer of extractant De during mixing and infusion also were calculated. For the first time, the technology of obtaining Carlina acaulis extract was experimentally developed. The basic technological and hardware-technological schemes of production of extracts are offered. These schemes can then be used in the preparation of the technological process of production of tinctures of the roots of Carlina acaulis. The process is optimized for such parameters as the particle size of plant raw materials, the extractant concentration and the raw material extractant ratio.