The object of research - the processes of structure formation and formation of technological and operational properties of composites based on secondary polyolefins and plant waste.
The aim of the research is to develop composites filled with vegetable waste on the basis of secondary polyolefins with high physical and mechanical characteristics and to create on their basis construction materials resistant to climatic factors.
Research methods and equipment.
Theoretical research was conducted on the basis of analysis and systematization of scientific ideas about the factors influencing the creation of building composites based on secondary polyolefins and plant fillers, methods aimed at improving technological, physical, mechanical and operational properties.
Infrared spectra (IR) were obtained on an IR spectrophotometer SPECORD 75 UR at 293-298 K. Studies of the structure of disperse fillers were performed using electron microscopy on a microanalyzer 5X Digital Microscope Zoom. Thermal analysis of vegetable waste was performed on an electronic installation "Derivatograph Q 1500 D". The specific surface of the dispersed plant fillers was examined by the BET method (ISO 9277: 2010). Structural and technological properties of dispersed materials were determined in accordance with the guidelines "Methods of analysis and testing of dispersed fillers". The surface acid-base properties of the components of the composite were studied by the method of Parks-Bobirenko and Nichiporenko. The rheological properties of secondary polyolefins and compositions based on them were investigated by melt flow method (ISO 1133: 1997). Physico-mechanical (ISO 179-2: 2017; 178: 2010) and operational (ISO 9352; 62: 2008) properties defined for known standard techniques.
Scientific novelty of research results due to the fact that:
- study of acid-base properties of vegetable dispersed waste; It is established that on the surface of backwhead waste husking there is a review of two typical active centers: weakly acidic (pKa≈5,53–5,83) and almost neutral (pKa≈6,16–6,30), the surface of oat husk has a character close to neutral with acid strength of active centers рКа≈6,15–6,32, the surface of wood and pine needles has a weakly acidic character with centers рКа≈5,29–5,52 and рКа ≈5.02–5.36 respectively; it is established that the acidity returns in direct proportion to the total content of cellulose and lignin in the waste;
- the acid-base properties of the surface of the particles of secondary polyolefins were studied; it is established that the surface of secondary polypropylene particles has a more acidic character than the surface of secondary polyethylene and this is due to the presence in the composition of secondary polypropylene of functional groups of acidic nature (carboxyl, aldehyde, etc.);
- established new effective compositions of plant-polymer compositions with improved properties, combined with a combination of fillers with a weakly acidic character before (buckwheat husk) and a polymer with a neutral characteristic (secondary polyethylene), added fillers with a neutral surface surface of acid (secondary polypropylene);
- It is established that the content of cellulose and line in the composition of plant waste can be one of the criteria for assessing resistance to high temperatures (200⁰C and above), namely by reducing their content increases resistance to high temperatures.
Received further development:
- the use of methods of acid-base titration and potentiometric studies to expand the understanding of the chemical nature of the surface of dispersed plant materials and particles of secondary polyolefins.
The practical significance of the contained results.
As a result of experimental-theoretical researches new building compositions of on the basis of secondary polyolefins and vegetable fillers, and also with complex fillers (buckwheat and oat husks) of building compositions with the increased physical and mechanical characteristics and the lowered indicator of water absorption are developed.
The project of technical conditions for products of profile from a plant-polymeric composite is developed. A trial batch of several manufacturers based on the manufactured warehouse, produced at the enterprise LLC VF "Polymer" (Kharkiv), was used as a flooring to build a bridge in the educational and entertainment base "sports and tourist club" ("STK", Lysychansk) at the enterprise of LLC "Aqua-Term Service" (Severodonetsk). The economic effect of the implementation is 32 UAH. / m2 of flooring. It is established that the potential service life is less than 25 years.
An improved technology for obtaining construction composite materials, as well as technological instructions have been developed and implemented at the enterprise of the agro-industrial complex LLC "Organic-Eco-Product" (Kharkiv).
