Hornostai O. Regularities of obtaining Ag and Cu nanoparticles from the vapor phase in vacuum in liquid and powder matrices for biomedical purposes

The dissertation is devoted to the establishment of the regularities of obtaining Ag and Cu nanoparticles from the vapor phase in vacuum in liquid and powder matrices for biomedical purposes. The work was performed, with the aim of obtaining stable nanoparticles of silver and copper in matrix-carrier compositions, have biologically active properties, as well as the provision and enhancement of antimicrobial and anti-fungicidal properties in existing medicinal substances. The technological scheme of the method (EB-PVD) with the use of a graphite evaporator "vertically" located relative to the target surface has been developed and experimentally tested. Due to the directional vapor deposition, the efficiency is 36…40%. This paper presents the results of studying the structure of NPs during the deposition of monomers (glycerin, polytetrahydrofuran) and fatty oils (amaranth, flax, watermelon, rosehip, cedar) into liquid matrices depending on the exposure time and the current of the electron beam. The linear dependence has been established between the size of silver particles and the technological parameters of electron-beam deposition (beam current). The stability in time of the size of NPs in the obtained dispersed systems for 550 days was established. A linear dependence of the ratio of the average size of silver NPs on the deposition time on a model talc powder has been experimentally established. For the first time, discrete metal coatings were obtained on the surface of powdery materials of inorganic and organic origin (talc, amben, amiksin, amizon, arbidol, remontadin) with an average size of Ag NPs (14...33 nm) and Cu (40...68 nm ). The obtained NPs reduce the cytotoxic effect of medicinal substances by 25 % and enhance the antiviral activity by 1,7...5,1 times.It was found that silver NPs in a polyurethane film are distributed along the boundaries of rigid domains, isolated from each other; the shape of the particles is uniform, close to spheroid. This indicates that there are no processes of aggregation of nanoparticles during the synthesis of polyurethane films.