TARASJUK S. Population-genetic base of ecological adaptation of agricultural species of animals.

Existеnce and mechanisms of formation of breed specific traits of genetic structures in farm aninmals, their relation to ecology-geographical conditions, until now remain unknown. In thesis is formulated and decided the problem of an evaluation of the contribution in formation of genetic structures of the factors artificial and natural selections in two farm species. The primary influence of ecology-geographical conditions of breeding to genetic structure of cattle (natural selection), and in sheep breeds - the belonging of breeds to different direction of productivity (artificial selection) were shown. It was demonstrated, that the choice of the characteristics for detection of breed specific traits could be made from various types of molecular-genetic markers (structural genes, anonymous DNA fragments), and also such phenes, as figures of nasal-lip mirror. It was revealed, that the genetic structure of specialized dairy cattle breeds in generations in conditions of technogenic contamination was shifted to direction of typical genetic structure of breeds with combination and meat productivity. The obtained data allowed to propose the genetically justified recommendations of preservation and use of cattle and sheep breeds, and also to correct the strategy of dairy cattle breeding in regions with different levels of technogenic contamination.