Nikolenko N. Specific Adsorption of Polar Organic Compounds from Water Solutions at the Interface of Solid - Liquid Disperse Systems

Thesis is devoted to the examination of adsorption processes of polar organic compounds from water solutions on a surface of disperse adsorbents of a various chemical nature. The goal of this research is a study of the total regularities of organic compounds adsorption at the solid - liquid interface and development of the theory their specific adsorption on the basis of definition of the dependence between adsorption properties of compounds and electronic structure of their molecules, solvent molecules and adsorbent surface. The research was performed by modern spectroscopic and physicochemical methods. The new procedures of the electronic spectrums analysis for adsorbed molecules and examinations of the material adsorption balances were designed. For the first time it was offered and experimentally confirmed that specific adsorption can be considered in approach of two models: adsorption controlled by quantities of effective charges of adsorbate, solvent and adsorbent atoms, and adsorption controlledby orbital interactions of their frontier (lowest unoccupied and highest occupied) orbitals. The found regularities allow to predict and in a certain measure to control the properties of adsorption systems at the development of technologies based on the phenomenon of selective adsorption.