Object of investigation: Species of araliaceous plants. Aim of investigation: Elboration of isolation methods, search of structure and biological activity of triterpene glycosides from araliaceous plants and estimation of their possible use for solving of chemotaxonomical problems in searching area. Methods of investigation and equipment: one- and two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography? preparative chromatography, chemical methods (complete and partial acid hydrolysis, alkalis and mild alkalis hydrolysis, diazomethane methylation, acetylation and partial acetilation, deacetylation, borohydride reduction, sulphatation), fermentative hydrolytic methods, NMR-specrtometry methods (1H-ЯМР, 13С-ЯМР, COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, HMBC, ROESY), mass-spectrometry, UR-spectroscopy. Theoretical results and their novelty: For the first time it was proposed and grounded the use of two-dimensional TLC-analysis and chromatographyc systems with different pH-levels for preliminary detection of the presenting triterpene glycoside groups. For the first time it was shown the efficiency of magnesiun oxyde and magnesium carbonate as a suitable sorbents for separation of glycosides which differs each other in their acidity. For the first time it was made the complete and unambiguous signal attributes in 1Н- and 13С-ЯМР spectra. It was studied the triterpene glycosides from 50 species belong to 24 genera of Araliaceae family from which 36 species and 14 genera were studied for the first time. From the studied objects were isolated and proposed the complete structures for 146 new triterpene glycosides, earlier known 16 glycosides for the first time were found in the species of Araliaceae family. The structure of new triterpenoid - 23,27-dihydroxybetulinic acid isolated in form of glycoside was proposed. For the first time in plants it was found the glycosides of erythrodiol, 30-nerhederagenin and methyl ester of hederagenin. In some species of Araliaceae family for the first time it was found the glycosides of caulophyllogenin and 27-hydroxyursolic acid. For the first time it was shown a wide spread in Araliaceae family a glycosides of echinocystic acid and ursolic acid side by side with isomeric oleanolic acid glycosides. It was revealed a wide spread in araliaceous species of acetyl derivatives of triterpene glycosides and detected the places of predominant acetyl group location in carbohydrate fragments. For the first time in plants it was found the fragment of trans-caffeic acid and simultaneous presence of trans-caffeic and acetic acid residues in diacyladed glycosides. In the species of some genera for the first time it was found 3-sulphates of oleanolic and echinocystic acids, 23-sulphate of hederagenin and their 28-O-glycosides. In the structure of studied triterpene glycosides it was found earlier unknown di-, tri- , tetra- and pentasaccharide fragments. The simple methods of 3- and 23-sulphates synthesis and synthesis of partially acetylades at primary alkohol group triterpene glycosides were proposed. On the basis of triterpene glycoside structures and analysis of taxonomic distribution of triterpene glycosides it was shown the possibility of solving of taxonomic problems on a different levels (species, genera, tribes of genera) of Araliaceae family and more higher taxonomic levels - orders, over orders and subclasses of flowering plants. For the first time in the Hedera genus and Araliaceae family it was made the chemotaxonomic divisions on the basis of glycoside carbohydraate and aglycon part structures and comparation of these conclusions with botanical systems of Hedera genus and Araliaceae family in a whole. It was shown the presence only slow correlations between these types of taxonomic solutions. For the first time it was made an estimation of possible evolution courses in triterpene glycoside structural elements. The structural elements of triterpene glycosides responsible for presence of hemolytic activity were elucidated. The correlation between hemolytic and other studied biological activities - ichtiotoxyc, antibacterial,ant fungal, anthelmintic, cytostatic, spermicidal and pacemaker was found. The most active glucosides in every type of activity also was selected. For triterpene glycosides from species of Hedera genus for the first time the immunoadjuvant activity and a capability to induce the humoral and cell immune responses upon different antigens including the fragments of immunogene HIV-1 albumins were found. The glycosides possess simultaneously immunoadjuvant and HIV-inhibitions activities were also selected. Practical results and their novelty: It was take out the patent for use of triterpene glycosides from Hedera species as immunoadjuvants for humoral and cell immune response stimulation caused by antigens and shown the possibility for use of this invention in vaccine elaboration. The one of glycosides (oleanolic acid 3-sulphate-28-O-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-4)-O-b-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-6)-O-b-D-glucopyranoside) possess immunoadjuvant and HIV-inhibitory properties was selected as most perspective adjuvant in vaccine elaboration for HIV-infected men. The positive results for use of this glycoside as adjuvant in experimental DNA-anti-HIV-vaccine were obtained. Detected spermicidal and anthelmintic activities of some glycosides are of substantial practical interest due to their capability to enlarge a row of possessing medicines. Subject and the degree of introduction: patent, publications, reports at the scientific conferences, using the results of work in the scientific and pedagogical practice of establishments of higher education and Scientific Research Institutes of Ukraine. Efficiency of introduction is ensured by the development of ways to analysis, isolation and structure elucidation of triterpene glycosides and by selected glycosides with high biological activity namely immunoadjuvant, antifungal, spermicidal and anthelmintic. Sphere of use: chemistry, biology, medicine.
