Bozhok Y. Cytomorphology, cytogenetics and immunocytochemistry in preoperative diagnostics of the thyroid neoplasms

Object : malignant and benign neoplasm of human thyroid. Aim of study: basing of a new approach for the definition of malignancy in early cytological diagnostics of thyroid neoplasm and enhancing the effectiveness of this. Methods : morphological, cytochemical, immunocytochemical, statistical studies, cells culture. Results: new ideas about alterations of cytoskeleton, nuclear structure and cells adhesion during oncogenesis were developed, that gave the possibility to propose new markers of malignancy for the follicular epithelium. New ideas about the cytological diagnostics of malignant tumors from the thyroid were revealed (signs of abnormal morphogenesis and capacity of cells to invasive growth in vitro).The complex of methods for determination of adequacy of biopsy material, determination of extracellular thyroglobulin and combinations of both cytomorphological and immunocytochemical methods were developed. Novelty: for the first time, a complex of alterations in cytoskeleton, intercellular adhesion and nuclei in follicular epithelium during the malignant transformation was obtained. For the first time, the phenomenon of abnormal morphogenesis in papillary carcinomas of human thyroid was revealed. For the first time, the possibility of culture in vitro for the cells from the fine-needle aspirates was demonstrated. New ideas for the determination of malignancy in cytological diagnostics of thyroid neoplasm were suggested - according to the cytophysiological signs of malignant cells. Introduction: the major part of elaborations was patented and brought into practice. Field of application: endocrinology, oncology.