Mishenina T. The chemical composition of F-, G-, K - stars as the observational constraint of stellar and Galaxy evolution

The dissertation presents the results published in 44 papers, in which the physical, kinematical, and chemical characteristics of the stars belonging to the different populations of the Galaxy were investigated. The stars of the disk with CN-strong index show small excess of metallicity and the relation of C/O is higher than solar one. The SMR stars belong probably to the young population of the disk, than to the older subsystem population. The sodium and nitrogen overabundances in the disk giant show the dependency upon the gravity that could be evidence of the hydrogen burning in NeNa cycle. The behaviour of the lithium abundance with [Fe/H] and Teff indicates to the presence of a mechanism of the lithium destruction. An increase of the relative oxygen abundance with [Fe/H] decreasing was found on the basis of investigation of 38 disk stars (< [O/Fe]> = 0.71 ± 0.19 at [Fe/H] < -1). The sodium abundance [Na/Fe] in the range -3 < [Fe/H] < - 0.3 is close to the solar one, the appreciable reductionof Na abundance at -2 < [Fe/H] < - 1 is not revealed. The element patterns in the globular cluster star are agree with those of the halo field stars, except for the elements C, O, Na, Mg, Al, which show remarkable dispersion. Galactic evolution of Cu and Zn was traced. The behaviour of alpha-element an Ni abundance in the thin and thick disks of the Galaxy was studied. Obtained results were used with the aim to investigate the stellar evolution and the chemical and dynamical evolution of the Galaxy.