Sheminova V. Structure, dynamics, and evolution of small-scale magnetic elements in the solar photosphere.

The thesis deals with a complex study of small-scale magnetic elements in the solar photosphere based on the magnetohydrodynamic models of solar magnetogranulation, the Stokes diagnostics, and observations made with the Fourier transform spectrometer and Stokes polarimeter of the National Solar Observatory Telescope (USA) and with the spectrograph of the Swedish Vacuum Solar Telescope (Spain). Semiempirical models of small-scale magnetic elements observed as bright points in the solar photosphere and a model of quiet solar photosphere are improved. Weak segregation of chemical elements with low and high first-ionization potentials in magnetic features is discovered. The fine structure of weak magnetic fields is found to be very complicated with some reversals repeated along the line of sight. A new surface fluxtube formation mechanism is discovered. Some signs of convection collapse evolution are derived from the Stokes profiles. The magnetic field strength and radial velocity distributions in the regions of solar magnetogranulation are obtained. The stationary descending motions in magnetic elements is confirmed.