Boyko N. The microorganisms as factor of the homeostasis of technogenically interrupted ecosystems of Upper Tisza.

This thesis is devoted to the fundamental research at the intersection of microbial ecology and immunology, and provides the theoretical basis for the leading role of microorganisms in maintaining of the homeostasis of technologically-affected floodplains ecosystems and their living organisms. Unique tests for rapid microbiological and biochemical diagnoses of HM-polluted soils have been developed by (1) checking for the presence of Acinetobacter spp. in soil samples - indicative of poly-elemental pollution; (2) reducing the level of soil dehydrogenase activity not less two-fold compared to control sites is indicative of contamination with lead ions in excess of 23 mg/kg. The ability of saprophytic strains of Klebsiella (K. terrigena 80-08) to utilise cyanides was demonstrated. New complex treatment procedures of industrial sewage containing different natural hazardous materials, including phenols, is proposed using Klynoptylolit as a new adsorbing matrix material together with a biological filter containing as original destructive bacteria, Aeromonas hydrophila AF01 (ІМV В-7102), isolated from polluted sites and adsorbed on zeolite. The new bacterial preparation "Monosporyn-PK" has been developed, registered and applied in veterinary practice. This study had resulted in selection of promising representatives of commensal bacteria, their antigenic structures and mutant strains with strong anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory or immunomodulatory properties to be used for the construction of new bacterial preparations and/or targeted mucosal vaccines. It has been shown that the selected commensal bacteria exhibit a specific effect on opportunistic pathogens isolated in the clinical units and it has been demonstrated that B1 cells could be selectively stimulated via their BCR receptor locally in the nasal tissues of mice by TI-1 antigen bacterial phosphorylcholine of H. influensae, and T-cells are required for "bystander" effect in such specific immune response. The crucial role of the selected commensal and normal microflora microorganisms, their derivates in the prevention of opportunistic infections is, therefore, clearly defined and confirmed.