Petruk O. Acceleration of cosmic rays in shell supernova remnants

Methods for modeling the evolution of the strong nonrelativistic shocks in nonuniform media and fields as well as of kinetics of charged relativistic particles in its vicinity are developed; they are applied to calculations of the nonthermal emission of cosmic rays in the shell-like supernova remnants and for analysis of relevant experimental data. A number of tasks in dynamics of cosmic rays and strong shocks are solved; a new direction of studies is initiated, namely, synthesis and analysis of surface brightness maps of supernova remnants, their use to put constraints on properties of cosmic rays and magnetic field in these objects. Nonthermal radio, X-ray and gamma-ray emission of adiabatic supernova remnants in the uniform and nonuniform ambient media and fields is modeled. A new method to predict gamma-ray image of a remnant from its radio map and results of the spatially resolved X-ray spectroscopy is developed; a new method to determine the three-dimensional orientation of the interstellar magnetic field around supernova remnant is proposed; a new methodology for analysis of surface brightness maps of remnants is suggested and used for determination of properties of cosmic rays and magnetic field in these objects. Theoretical models are compared with observations on examples of the supernova remnant of 1006 A.D. and samples of remnants in our and neighbouring galaxies.