Nikitchenko Y. Prooxidant-antioxidant system in aging processes and experimental approaches to its correction

The object of study - prooxidant-antioxidant system under experimental regulation of life-span. The aim of study: establishment of main appropriatenesses and determining factors of age-dependent changes of prooxidant-antioxidant system under experimental regulation of life-span and elaboration on this base new approaches to deceleration of aging and prevention of development of ade-dependent pathologies. Methods: chemiluminescent, fluorescent, spectrophotometric, colorimetric, polarographic and immunoenzymatic, method of differential centrifugation, methods of biochemical analysis of enzymatic activities and metabolites content, statistical methods. Theoretical and practical results, novelty: under natural aging three basic states of antioxidant system and prooxidant potential were distinguished depending on the age. Under modelling of accelerated aging increase of tissue prooxidant potential was established to be mainly associated with the decrease of GSH-dependent antioxidant enzymes activity, especially Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase activity. It was found that decrease of triiodothyronine level in blood and decline in mitochondrial phosphorylating oxidation were directly proportional to the degree of diet calorie restriction and increase of Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase activity was inversely proportional to this parameter. For the purpose of deceleration of aging the age-dependent approach to organism antioxidant system correction was proposed. The approach lies in the fact that for the effective functioning of antioxidant system at the middle age it is necessary to increase the activity of non-enzymatic antioxidant system and activity of enzymes providing GSH-dependent antioxidant enzymes with reduced glutathione and NADPH. At the late stages of ontogenesis the additional rise in enzymatic antioxidant system activity especially in activity of GSH-dependent antioxidant enzymes is necessary. Field of application: research of mechanisms of stability of cells to factors of oxidative stress, lecture courses on biochemistry, physiology, gerontology and geriatrics.