Solntsev V. Physico-chemical basis for the formation of dissipative structures in reaction sintering and dry friction of materials containing transition metal selenides

We solved important scientific and technical challenge - set of physical and chemical bases of managing the processes of sintering and tribological properties of powder formulations containing compounds with different physico-chemical nature and volatile selenides of transition metals in their thermal and thermodynamic instability. For the first time experimentally and theoretically established mechanisms of stable dissipative structures by thermal decomposition of selenides and sintering of metal compositions containing them. The mechanism of preservation of equilibrium and the formation of dissipative structures, due to the reaction of autowave processes. It is shown that the basis of their appearance is a self-oscillating reaction, due to the generation of atomic selenium, or any gas belonging to the subgroup, such as oxygen. A general principle of creating a self-assembled tracks, which consists in the implementation of closed-loop instabilities. It includes a thermodynamic instability, as a source of excitation of the system, and simultaneously generates a chemical that causes the autowave processes. Their interaction in discrete homogeneous medium initiates nonequilibrium phase transitions that change the scale of the reaction system and blocking its motion towards equilibrium. When the reaction sintering any non-equilibrium compositions of the interrelation of the thermokinetic and macroscopic behavior. Found that in case of realization of the autowave regime is an active seal. Showing the active region of the deterministic reaction sintering of complex arrangements and implementation of programming rheological behavior. The regularities of formation of tribological properties of wear-resistant materials of construction for use in conditions of dry friction in the vacuum of space, and the atmospheres of planets in the solar system. It is established that the introduction of selenides in different compositions in all media reduces the amount of wear a few times, not only due to their ability tverdosmazochnoy, and, above all, in connection with the emergence of self-organization processes, which lead to nonlinear mechanisms of adaptation. Improved wear resistance of powder compositions several times to work in a vacuum, air and environment, CO2 and investigated them in the real world, such as joint tie rod. Distribution of physical-chemical bases of managing processes of nonlinear interaction of metals with active molecular gases allowed to predict the behavior of materials under extreme conditions. This made it possible to increase the heat resistance of nichrome on the order by improving the structure of the powder composition.