Hyrych I. The Ukrainian historical, social and political thought in Ukraine, under the authorities of Russian Empire, of national-democratic wing (the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century)

This thesis provides research on the subject of Ukrainian social and political thinking in Ukraine, under the authorities of Russian Empire, in the period between the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century and its reflection in historiography. The author offers a refined periodization of the national liberation movement. The romantic (ethnographic) phase accounts for the activities of the Cyril and Methodius Brotherhood, while the academic stage coincides with the period of existence of the Ukrainophile Kiev Community as well as the activities of V. Antonovych and O. Konyskyi. The Ukrainophile phase, in turn, is divided into two sub-phases: the period of activity of the Kiev community, which maintained the position of national activism of 1860-1876 while influenced by M. Dragomanov, and the period of 1180-1890 when the community shifted to a purely cultural function and abandoned its political objectives. This is when the group was renamed into the Old-Kiev Community and headed by V. Naumenko and O. Lazarevskyi. This dissertation contains a thesis which suggests that the ideology of independence was cultivated within the conservative part of the national-democratic wing of the Ukrainian movement. The representatives of the aforementioned wing, whose activities have been outlined, included M. Kostomarov, P. Kulish, V. Antonovych, O. Konyskyi, Y. Chykalenko and V. Leontovych. M. Hrushevskyi was also a part of this group. The author put forward the idea that there were two types of intellectual development in existence: political and non-political. The representatieves of culture development V. Antonovych and O. Konyskuy was in essence a political feat as it was aimed at training the new Ukrainian intellectuals who would later pursue national independence. A similar wing existed in the Ukrainian Marxist social-democratic movement - it included an orthodox direction which made an emphasis on achieving social and class objectives, and a reformist conservative nationalist direction, centered around the idea of national independence and resolution of the state-level objectives. The former was represented by M. Porsh, L. Yurkevych and V. Vynnychenko, the latter - by A. Zhuk, V. Doroshenko and others. The author singles out three trends in the Ukrainian Social Democratic Party: orthodox (led by L. Yurkevych), centrist (S. Petliura and V. Sadovskyi) and nationalist (A. Zhuk). The Centrist Social Democrats sought cooperation with the Ukrainian intellectuals of Ukraine, under the authorities of Russian Empire, (of whom Serhiy Yefremov was a prominent representative), and those in turn congregated around the Ukrainian Revolutionary Democratic Party and the Society of Ukrainian Progressives. The author also offers his view on the laying of the foundation of the Ukrainian youth wing within the national ideology that sought to unite all parties from right to left (from V. Lypynskuy to M. Zaliznyak and A. Zhuk) in a single supra-partisan unit to promote the ideas of political independence. Organizationally and structurally this objective could not be achieved, but its ideological heritage became the basis of the national ideology of the 20th century.