Seniuk O. Radiobiological effects in the organism and the principles of its protection from the negative consequences of the ionizing radiation

The thesis is devoted to the study of the radiation injury development at the different levels of the biological organization of the mammal organism including human organism under different conditions and types of the radiation (acute, chronic exposure, external and internal radiation). Also the protective effect of the complexes of the fungi biopolymers was investigated during this study. Linear mice with different levels of the genetically determined radiosensitivity (BALB/c and C57ВL/6) under the acute and chronic external exposure and the 137Cs incorporation, persons radiated by the work conditions (the staff of the «Shelter» object, State Specialized Enterprise «Complex» and Industrial Association «Rivne NPP»), and the self settlers of the Exclusion Zone and unconditional (obligatory) resettlement were investigated. In the result of this study negative influence of the ionizing radiation of low doses was found that revealed in the changes of the DNA structure (the formation of the single-strand DNA breaks, the induction of the «bystander effect», the defection of the DNA repair processes), the decrease of the tissue functional abilities and the response of the different organ systems (immune, reproductive and nervous systems), the general adaptive reaction of the organism and the lifespan reduction. The concept and basic principles of the defense against the negative effect of the ionizing radiation have been developed and experimentally proved. It has been proposed to use the fungi biopolymers complexes (chitin, melanin and ?-gliucan) from the tinder Fomes fomentarius as perspective protection means.