Vaganov V. Structure-forming role of carbon nanostructures in composite materials.

The object of study - the processes of formation of structure and properties of composite materials based on metals, polymers, cement binders modified with nanoscale structured carbon. Subject of research - the laws and processes of structure formation of a complex physical and mechanical properties of composite materials with nano-sized additives structured carbon. Methods: theoretical studies carried out by methods of quantum-chemical modeling; structural studies were performed using metallographic techniques, spectroscopy, electron microscopic, X-ray and X-ray analysis. Mechanical properties were measured on the test machine, "an Instron 5982". Determination of tribological properties was carried out at the facility "CETR UMT Multi Speicmen Test System". Theoretical and practical results: on the basis of the theoretical concepts of quantum chemistry are considered models of metal-forming complexes in aluminum with different carbon structures: fullerenes, nanotubes, onions. The parameters of the interaction of nanostructures with the metal atoms, depending on the structural and morphological features of the nanoscale particles. The use of carbon nanostructures in building materials based on polyethylene and cement binders, besides enhancing the mechanical characteristics, it was urgent to give them new skills. The introduction of carbon nanostructures in the polymer fiber reduces its flammability. The process conditions of fiber production line provides a method of administration of nanostructures in the volume of material that provides the uniformity of its distribution. Application of quantum-chemical modeling of the interaction of calcium ions with graphene surfaces possible to establish the processes occurring during the hydration of cement systems in the presence of nanostructures, shall designate, in the end, the properties of the resulting composite. It was found that carbon nanotubes defining parameters are: chemical composition of the surface, which characterizes the sorption capacity of hydration products, and an aspect ratio that determines the ability to form a reinforcing frame of individual grains of cement stone. Scientific novelty: the calculated energy ties with aluminum graphene surfaces raw and functionalized nanotubes amounted to 0.1 kcal / mol and 43.6 kcal / mol. Significant strengthening of interaction is one of the determining factors of increasing strength (up to 500 MPa and above), tribological (20-30%) of the properties of aluminum composite basic components of which are aluminum brand ADO and carbon nanostructures. A similar increase in the mechanical and tribological properties was observed on copper nanocomposites. For the first time established the influence of carbon nanostructures with different morphologies on the tribological characteristics metalomatrichnih consolidated composite powder and surface-hardened materials. Degree of implementation: the company "MASTER JBK Ukraine" conducted trial tests of nano-modified concrete using carbon nanotubes. The modified compositions have been used in the production of reinforced concrete structures - wall elements for low-rise stroitelstva.V result of the tests found that when nanomodifitsirovanii of concrete mix designed for concrete class B15 P3, P3 obtained concrete B25. The economic effect amounted to 51 UA / cubic meter.