Ivanova A. Genesis and evolution of high-chlorine coals of Ukraine and use problems

The thesis is dedicated to the justification of the conception of salinization of coal organic matter at the sediment and diagenesis stages. It is demonstrated that formation of high-chlorine coals is a logical effect of certain conditions of geological past of the Earth, namely, periods of activation of endogenic processes followed by marine transgressions and regressions, and intense volcanicity on the basis the set of indicators obtained during the analysis of geological structure of studied objects, facial conditions of peat accumulation, physical and chemical properties of peats and coals, coal petrochemical characteristics. In all know cases geo-ecological conditions of high-chlorine coal formation were determined by the presence of a salt source at the peat stage. Such a source in paralic coal basins was sea water, in areas of development of halogenic formations - products of their decomposition, in active magmatism regions - derivatives of magmatic and postmagmatic activities. Further evolution of high-chlorine coals was determined by postdiagenetic processes, first of all by metamorphism causing transformation of the molecular and supermolecular structure of coal matter. Chloride and humate forms of sodium are lost under the corresponding tectonic state determining physical and rheological coal properties and hydro-geological conditions of the coal solid. On the basis of the conception of sediment and diagenetic salinization of coals, a wide range of various geological tasks can be solved, such as recovery of paleogeographical conditions of peat accumulation, prognosis of content of high-chlorine coals in various regions or geological formations, correlation of geological events and specification of the history of geotectonic development of coal bearing basins, specification of salt balance of evaporitic basins and etc. Particularly, a statement on sea water as a source of salinization of coal bearing depositions of the paralic type in Palaeozoic troughs of Ukraine (Dnieper-Donets, Lviv-Volyn and Pre-Dobrogea) was confirmed. It is confirmed the view point on Donbas inversion was at the turn of С-Р (Ural stage of tectogenesis). It is justified descendent and sediment character of early Perm evaporate basin of Dnieper-Donets trough. One of salt sources were a decomposing layers of carbon coal bearing deposits. Geological and epistemological aspects of the high-chlorine coal phenomenon are of practical interest too, as its use are closely related to technological tasks. It is evaluated advisability of implementation of various desalinization methods basing on the analysis of forms of binding of sodium and chloride with brown and hard coal organic matters. It is emphasized in the thesis on the different approaches for use methods of desalinization of brown and hard coals, as sodium has different organic matter binding forms.