Sagalakova N. Pricing management on tourism enterprises

The theoretical and practical scientific generalizations are performed in the dissertation, the complex solution of important scientific problem is given that consists of the development of theoretical, methodological and practical bases of the pricing management in tourism enterprises. Genesis of the price as an economic category is researched in the dissertation, stages in the evolution of this definition in the context of different economic theories are systematized; its properties are generalized. For solving the problem of effective management of the tourism enterprise activity, it is offered to use a process-oriented approach. The concept of process-oriented approach to pricing, which is based on the allocation of a separate process of the pricing management in the system of business processes of tourism enterprise, on determination of its structure, on initialization of the entrances, exits and resources is created. The system of relationships between the stages of the price formation of the tourism product and the results of the business processes of tourism enterprises is offered. It allows estimating the influence of each business process on the tourism product price and solves an important problem of formalization of this influence in order to effectively manage pricing for tourism enterprises. It is possible to construct a causal diagram of visualization of the formation of the tourism product price. It is proposed to consider pricing management in the tourism enterprise as an iterative process that includes the following successive stages: initialization, analysis and evaluation of factors influence the price of the tourism product; the formation of a nominal price of tourism product; price adjustments depending on the situation in the tourism market. Establishing the nominal price of the tourism product by the development of economic and mathematical model under uncertainty and risk is realized. For effective control of the pricing process of the method of dynamic programming is used taking into account seasonal factors. Algorithm of the price adjustment in the pricing management process in tourism enterprises is created. It is based on the integrated use of statistical methods and the method of dynamic programming and provides total maximum revenue for all seasons implementation of the tourism product. The expert system of forecasting, quantification and price adjustment, which is based on the use of economical and mathematical methods, artificial intelligence and the decision-making methods, is constructed. This system is based on the analysis of the cost of the tourism product components and information about the current state of tourism market. It provides recommendations regarding the optimal level of the tourism product price.