Yablon L. The mechanisms of capacitive and Faraday's energy storage and transformation in low-dimensional structures

The thesis investigates the patterns of combined influence of laser irradiation, ultrasound and thermal effect on the physicochemical properties structures. It was found the interrelate between the conditions and modes of receiving, modification composites and course of electrochemical processes in the source and stores electric energy generated on the basis. For the first time found that the optimal content of carbon in composites TiS2/C is 50% by weight, MoS2/ C and TiO2/C - 70%, ?-Ni(OH)2/C - 10%, due to the optimal combination of capacity and Faradey's characters charge accumulation leads to higher specific capacitance and energy characteristics. For the first time found that the intensity of the pseudo charge accumulation process increases under the influence of laser radiation (for laser irradiated composite TiS2/C contribution pseudo capacity is 65-70% of total capacity), due to defects in the structure, which leads to increased guest positions for rapid reversible Faradey's reactions. It was found that modification of laser irradiation and ultrasound leads to higher specific capacity nanocomposites ?-Ni(OH)2/C (554 and 472 F/g at currents of 5 mA and 10 mA for composite exposed to ultrasound). First obtained high values of specific capacity lithium power sources in which cathode materials are composites MoS2/ , irradiated by laser, ultrasound and received a modified method: 1820, 2205, 2510 A? h./kg, respectively, and the energy density in this case is 1980, 2420, 2750 W?h./kg. Found that Coulomb efficiency for hybrid capacitors, which serves as the cathode laser irradiated composite ?-Ni(OH)2/C, up to 97% and does not change to 500 series and for hybrid capacitors, cathode material which is a composite ?-Ni(OH)2/C, exposed to ultrasound increases gradually, reaching 99% and does not change to 500 series, which is promising for future practical application of the composite.