Kot T. Morphology of oviduct of the poultry in postnatal period of ontogenesis and comparative-species aspect

This thesis is devoted to study of peculiarities of morphology of the oviduct of poultry in the postnatal period of ontogenesis and comparative-species aspect with application of anatomical, histological, histochemical, electron microscopic, morphometric and statistical methods. The changes in absolute measures of weight and length of oviduct of quail, chickens, ducks, from hatching to the end of the first biological cycle of egg production occur in the four periods which are distinguished by duration and age time of onset, have the character graphical dependence of changes of parameters and correspond to the values of specific speed, the coefficient of growth of the mass and length of body. Before the onset of puberty, in oviduct of quails, chickens and ducks proliferative processes occur that ensure the growth of the body. Within 28–35 (quail), 60–90 (chickens) and 180–210 days of age (duck) increasing the thickness of the mucous membrane and the height of the folds of latter is accompanied by the formation of glands in the background of intussusception of the surface epithelium in the thickness of the lamina propria, varying of the placement of bundles of collagen fibers, increased vascularity with activation of the cellular elements of the lymphoid series. The morphology of the transitional zones of the oviduct of poultry during peak of egg production is characterized by common structural features with the neighbouring parts of the organ and is particularly morphometric parameters. Histochemical studies have found that the distribution of core proteins correlate with the content of nucleic acids and the maximum observed in the glands of the infundibulum, the protein division of the isthmus. Sulfated glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans are contained in the surface epithelium of the infundibulum, the protein division of the vagina. To the uterus and the oviduct of the quails is characterized by a significant content of bile pigments in the cells of the surface epithelium of the mucous membrane. It is shown that involution of the oviduct for the termination of egg production from quails, chickens, ducks manifested by decrease in the absolute length and weight of body, thickness of the mucous membrane and the number and sizes of its creases. The histological changes are accompanied by stagnation of secretions in the terminal parts of the glands, the increase in the number of lymphoid formations and proliferation of connective tissue stroma that replaces the gland and cystoidal formation that arise on their sites as a result of involution.