Pankov A. Scientific bases of increase of grain seeders′ efficiency of work by application of pneumatic sowing devices of discrete action

In this thesis the complex scientific and technical problem of increase of efficiency of use of grain seeders including the following components is solved: improvement of power efficiency of working process of the sowing systems, decrease in material intensity and traction resistance of seeders on the basis of application of pneumatic seeding devices of discrete action with elements of jet equipment, and also improvement of means of control, automation and informatization of process of sowing on the basis of mechatronic approach. It is established that the perspective direction of efficiency increasing of seeding technological process is its basic structural change on the basis of discrete principle′s application of the seeding devices action which are connected with flexible discrete synchronization with movement of the sowing machine. In this discrete principle of operation of the sowing device allows to optimize and effectively automate workflow, in contrast to the analog principle of conventional sowing systems. Dependencies that are identified in the analysis and processing of the data characterizing the operation of grain drills, allowed to justify the complex universal criterion of the effectiveness of seeding machines, which is a parametric ratio that indicates the efficiency of production and operation of grain drills on the basis of rational use of energy. The ratio of energy costs, expressed as the specific traction resistance to productivity, or costs to efficiency, shows the comparative efficiency of the sowing machine. It is shown that the majority of the existing technical means of seeding rate differentiation is structurally redundant, with a negative indicator of functional and structural integration and uneven distribution of functional load. The presence of excess blocks leads to a decrease in the reliability and accuracy of automation systems, deterioration of their weight and size and cost indicators. The necessity of improving the index of functional-structural integration and functional load distribution in the automation systems of sowing machines based on the use of intelligent mechatronic modules is proved. It is established that the combination in the sowing machine of separate-aggregate layout scheme of group seeding with low material consumption and seeding systems with low energy consumption is possible on the basis of the developed pneumatic seeding devices of discrete action with elements of pneumonic. This reduces the power consumption of grain drills by an average of 13%, reduce their traction resistance by an average of 12%, as well as save operating and reduced costs up to 16% compared to sowing machines based on a combination of other layout schemes and sowing systems.