The dissertation is dedicated to the solution of the scientific and technical problem of designing resource-saving equipment for the ecologically friendly recycling of polymeric waste in light industrial products. Today, polymeric waste from light industry and other industries is recycled by chemical recycling and mechanical grinding. The essential drawback of the chemical recycling of polymeric materials is the high cost of the process and a significant reduction in physical and mechanical characteristics of the recycled material. Mechanical recycling of polymeric waste is easier, cheaper and more productive than the chemical, but today there is not enough equipment for the mechanical recycling of polymeric waste in light industry, mainly equipment is offered exclusively for processing PET or PETP, but mostly this equipment is borrowed from other industries. Modern methods of designing equipment for recycling of polymeric waste do not take into account changes and in the structures and polymer arising during recycling, resulting in the main drawbacks of the process of polymeric waste grinding with modern equipment are: significant energy consumption and reduction of operational properties of recycled polymer due to the destruction of the supramolecular formations of the polymer material during its recycling.
Scientific bases of designing equipment for recycling of polymeric waste into products of light industry, developed in the dissertation, allow solving of the problem. They include models of the supramolecular structure of the polymeric material and the methods of determining the elastic properties of the polymer on the basis of their influence on the mechanical and thermal fields, which allow calculating the minimum deformations and temperatures that should create recycling equipment for the destruction of polymer waste, are developed on their basis. On the basis of the above-mentioned methods, the ranges of relative strain of the previous tensile and the heating temperature of the polymeric material are determined, within which the most significant reduction of the modulus of elasticity and shear in the transverse to the previous tension of the direction is provided. The correctness of the developed mathematical models and the methods developed for their determination on the elastic properties of the polymer under known deformation and temperature is confirmed by experimental studies of the influence of mechanical and thermal fields on the physical and mechanical characteristics of the polymeric material.
The connection between the deformations that must be created in a polymeric material to destroy it, and the structural and technological parameters of the equipment for the recycling of polymeric waste, determine the dependences obtained in the dissertation, dependencies on the basis of which the methods of designing devices with toothed rolls and rolls of the Relo profile are developed, which allow determining the diameter of the toothed rolls and rolls of the profile of the Relo, the height, the profile angle and step of the teeth, the rotational speed of the rolls, the eccentricity of the arc of rolls of the profile of the Relo relative to the axis of rotation, at which the required dispersion of the recycled material is provided at minimum energy consumption. The correctness of the developed methods of designing equipment for the recycling of polymeric waste is confirmed by the results of the test of an experimental design of this equipment, which was designed using these methods.
Recycled on an experimental installation, polymeric waste was used for the manufacture of polymeric products of light industry with increased operational characteristics. The acquisition of such products was made possible by the development of a mathematical model of the movement of a mixture of polymer material with particles of recycled polymer waste in the process of filling the cavity of the mold, which, unlike existing models, allows observing the formation of the structure of polymer products with the inclusion of particles of recycled waste. The correctness of this mathematical model is confirmed by experimental studies of the influence of the structural parameters of the mold on the formation of the structure of the sole with the inclusion of particles of polymeric waste.
