The dissertation is devoted to experimental substantiation and practical implementation of intensification of reproduction of breeding pigs in the conditions of breeding pig farms in the South of Ukraine. Also it is devoted to comprehensive study of selection-genetic and biological methods and implementation of practical activities for increasing the genetic productivity potential, reproductive function, productive longevity of breeding animals.
In the conducted scientific and practical experiments it has been used 805 heads of boars and repair boars and 663 repair swine and sows of different breeds, inter-genital combinations of domestic and foreign origin. The study of blood of 152 heads of pigs has been carried out, the biochemical, morphological and hormonal conditions have been analyzed according to the main indicators.
Based on scientific research and statistical analysis, it has been proved that careful selection and choosing parental couples for receiving boars and swine, their purposeful cultivation and education are the main factor in obtaining animals of a strong type of constitution, calm temper and desired direction of productivity.
At the age of 6 months, the true difference in live weight between the boars of the investigated breeds was not determined except in the crossbreed Kantor (K), the difference was 10.5 kg compared with the control group (p<0.01). It should be noted that the gaining the live weight in boars at the age of 6 months from 85.3 to 98.7 kg indicates the intensity of growth and the formation of a strong constitutional type of animals. During this age, the boars were accustomed to the scarecrow and they formed sexual behavior.
New data were obtained during comparing the absolute growth rate between the control group of boars of Large White (LW) breed and other peers. A correct difference was found between the breeds of Red White-Belted (RWB), Pietrain (P) and Kantor (K) in the age groups of 0-2, 2-4, 4-6, 6-9 months (p<0.001 and p<0.01). With breed Landrace (L), the difference is in the age range of 2-4 months (p<0.05) and the breed Duroc (D) is in the age group of 4-6 months (p<0.01). At the initial stage of development, the relative growth rate is very high, but with the time it decreases and the highest rates of decline are observed in the age of 9-12 months and, accordingly, it is in P – 27.5 ± 0,87% at p<0.001, RWB - 30,1 ± 0,95% at p<0.01, D – 33.5 ± 1.06%, K - 35,5 ± 1.75 and L – 39.5 ± 1.24%.
The new data from the histological studies of the testicles in the boars confirm that at the age of 4 months the clearance of the vorticular seminal canals is filled with the formed sperm (author's certificate No. 24845, June 26, 2008, No. 28062, March 17, 2009). A probable difference of the diameter of the convoluted tubules is found, which is 72.59 μm in the boars of LW breed and is smaller by 23.9 μm in comparison to the breed D, and for 32.91 μm in comparison with the RWB breed at p<0.001. Thus, in 4-months boars, the process of spermatogenesis reaches the final stage, sperm is accumulated in the appendages of the testes, so, in this age, it can be received the first ejaculate for stimulation of spermatogenesis, evaluation of sexual behavior and sperm productivity.
For the first time in scientific practice it was found that the largest number of seminal tubules in the heads of the appendages of the testicles was in the small boars breed of Duroc - 13.5, which was significantly differed from the boars LW - 8.4 and P - 5.4 (p<0.001). Boars of other breeds occupied an intermediate position from 8.7 - UM to 9.5 - RWB (p<0.001).
During the studying of the ethological peculiarities of the formation of sexual behavior of repair boars it was used the phantom of the own design (patent №107249, 25.05.2016, patent №111582, 10.11.2016). To strengthen smells the phantom was irrigated with flushes from the front part of the vagina of the sexual active sows; flushes were received by the device (patent №107250, 25.05.2016).
An in-depth analysis was carried out and scientific data was supplemented on the subject of correlation between the sensitivity of pigs and the amount of creatin-phosphokinase enzyme (RWB) in blood serum of animals. It was found that the largest number (2996 pmol/l) was in the breeders P and 2836 pmol/l - in L (p<0.01), the smallest number of RWB (1112 pmol/l) was found in boars D and 1231 pmol/l - in RWB. Comparing the content of RWB in blood serum of repair sows of different breeds, we found that the largest number (1671 pmol/l) was in the sows of the breed P (p<0.05), and the smallest index was in D, was 544 pmol/l (p<0, 01).
For the first time, the study was done on the subject of hematological and biochemical parameters of blood of repair sows during the application of the drug "Estrosynchron" (patent number 109799, 12.09.2016) suggested by us.
