This dissertation is devoted to the development of scientific principles of baromembrane and electromembrane processes in the treatment of milk whey, distillery stillage and for sugar production.
New experimental results for treatment (concentrating) of filtered juices from second saturation at sugar production by reverse osmosis were obtained, determined mass-transfer coefficients, depending on the flow rate of the solution. This technology is promising, but requires more detailed technical and economic analysis. The lack of heat-resistant back-axis membranes complicates the introduction of research results into production.
The process of diananofiltration of milk whey is investigated. Under the conditions of experiments, a concentrate with a demineralization level of 62 % was obtained, which is almost 35 % higher than with conventional nanofiltration. Thus, diananofiltration may be an alternative to electrodialysis if, from a technological point of view, the demineralization level within the 60 % range is acceptable.
The efficiency of the modification of ion-exchange heterogeneous membranes by inorganic nanoparticles of zirconium for electromembrane processes is confirmed. It was found that antimony of functional groups located on the surface of nanoparticles introduced in transport pores take part in the transport of ions, while nanoparticle units localized in intergranular spaces serve as a barrier for the penetration of quions and organic compounds to the membrane. In the case of desalting of the milk whey, the charge selectivity of the ion-exchange heterogeneous membranes increases by a third.
The properties of the mechanism of modification of polymer composite and track membranes for baromembrane processes are established. In this case, the zirconium nanoparticles are concentrated on the pore surface, which leads to an increase in the selective properties of the membrane due to the formation of a secondary porosity with pore size of 100 nm.
On the basis of the obtained results, the equipment-technological scheme of the complex processing of milk whey, which involves the production of milk whey concentrate that demineralized within the limits of 25-60 %, and the processing of the formed nanofiltration permeate, which allows to receive purified water and concentrates of mineral substances, is proposed. The equipment-technological scheme of concentration of sugar solutions is proposed, which involves concentration of filtered juice of second saturation with reverse osmosis to the content of dry substances of 33 ± 5 %.
The results of the performed scientific researches were introduced into the production at dairy processing enterprises - PJSC "Dubnomoloko", PJSC "Litinsky dairy factory", POBS them. Shevchenko, PJSC "Gorodenkivsky Cheese Plant"; Alcohol Factory - Chervonoslobodsky MPD of State Enterprise "Ukrspirt"; the company "Logrus", which specializes in the implementation of modern technologies and equipment at food industry enterprises, as well as in the educational process of the National University of Food Technologies.
