This thesis is devoted to studying of features of formation of a domestic population of horses of plant breeds on the basis of genealogical analysis and a comprehensive selection and genetic evaluation.
Analyzes the current state of the industry of horse breeding in Ukraine in dynamics for the last 20 years, there was a significant reduction in total and breeding stock. Defined the strategy of breed improvement in breeding in a limited gene pool.
The complex scientific research aimed at solving problems of development and condition of plant breeds of horses: genetically - population-based trend analysis of the selection characteristics of breeding value of horses in conditions of horse factories; analysis of selection, pure breeding lines, the use of inbreeding, determining the efficiency of selection and breeding work in the improvement of the horses of domestic breeding in the conditions of a limited gene pool; development of methods for pedigree improvements that ensure the realization of the genetic potential, a comprehensive selection of data mining.
On the basis of deep breeding, genetics and population estimated the impact of improving breeds on the formation of genetic groups of horses of Ukrainian selection, the recommendation for the formation of the genealogical structure and the use of crossbreeding to improve the conformation and sporting signs horses.
It is established that in horse breeds with a limited gene pool a significant impact on the evolution of genealogical lines is individual and breeding value of smoll groups of the horses, prepotentes individuals, linear combinability and compatibility of parental pairs. Proven priority in all studied rocks of the outstanding manufacturers in the formation of a selection effect as in chistopianova breeding and crossbreeding. This fact, however, is a serious economic risk and may cause the disappearance of valuable local lines, as happened with the domestic populations of thoroughbred and Russian Trotter breed.
By population genetic analysis revealed that when pure breeding of horses is an important factor in the control of increasing the degree of homozygosity in the application of inbreeding. The most common selection effect in the improvement of purebred breeds of horses by crosses with the application of control using moderate inbreeding in grade IV, V, VI on outstanding ancestors. Explored the use of conditional effect of heterosis in rebounds and parent pairs with different degrees of kinship: in the improvement of the thoroughbred is most effective for complex traits was heels the type of an outbred, Ukrainian Warmblood, Oryol and Russian trotters – the type inbred-line-cross. While the best performance obtained by applying a moderate and remote complex inbreeding. Efficiency of inbred-line-cross in the selection of the horse breeds, which traditionally selection the complex of symptoms, is manifested as to the exterior and productive traits.
Evaluated the effectiveness of crossing plant breeds of horses the local population with improving breeds. Analysis of breeding stallions Western European breeds to improve the horses Ukrainian Warmblood breed proves that they mainly have a positive effect on breeding selection traitsof the offspring. Recommended for crossbreeding of Ukrainian Warmblood breed with the Western European gene pool no breed restrictions, giving preference to the typical, exterior parameters, and a high sports ability. Analyzed the impact of introduction of crossbreeding with the thoroughbred on the formation of the national population of the Orlov’s trotters, detected as phenotypic and genetic changes under the influence of the crossing.
Analyzed identified the impact of the introduction of crossbreeding with French Trotter breed on the formation of the national population of trotting breeding group prize areas of health. Recommendations for effective use of crossings and the use of estimated cross lines to improve the prize and speed characteristics of the Russian Trotter breed of Ukrainian part of the population.
When designing breeding programmes for the first time used analysis of population and genetic evaluation of breeds, which confirms the uniqueness of each breed of domestic breeding and allows for improvement of breeding species at the genetic level. A package of normative acts, developed a data base of information developed by breeding programmes of horses until 2020 and long-term plans for studs and reproducers.
