Kiurchev S. Mechanical and technological substantiation of post-harvest processing and storage of seeds of grain and oilseeds

The thesis deals with the solution of the national economic problem of insuffi-cient technical and technological efficiency of the structure and means of mechanization for the grain and oil crop production storage system. The problem was solved through the application of innovative heat and mass exchange technologies and equipment, while intensifying the processes by means of vibration, wave, pulsed physical and mechanical factors, which ensured the minimization of power and material inputs at the maximum retention of original properties of agricultural raw materials. During seeds preparation, we used specially designed diagrams of a vibration and aspiration separator as well as vibration and conveyor thermal radiation dryer. The developed storage system involved a centralized system of convective cooling of grain masses and a localized one, which provide products movement in special containers under the action of opposite pneumatic pulse barboter. The design process of the vibration and aspiration separator included research which confirmed the working hypothesis regarding the increase of the motive force of the fractionating due to the overlap in the system of combined unbalance from the ac-tion of the forces and torque given in the system during the implementation of a self-oscillating mode for the central tube of the distributor motion. During theoretical and experimental studies, the possibility of the separation quality improvement through the application of the lower zone of the vibration and aspiration separator distribution was proved. The influence of the basic structural parameters for the developed separator on the efficiency of separation and specific energy consumption was substantiated. The implementation of the vibration and conveyor dryer for the processing of loose grain allowed to adjust the speed of products transportation on the surface of the carrying body for the combined unbalance of the vibration system and, accordingly, the possibility of wave transport without significant mechanical loads on the supports of the structure and the use of additional mechanical transport devices. Using the second similarity theorem and data of experimental research, a crite-rion equation of the process for thermal-radiation drying of soya in a moving layer of products was developed. That enabled to design standard size infrared dryers accord-ing to the set parameters of the process. The system of dynamic moving of grain provided in the thesis allows to ensure continuous renewal of the layers in longitudinal and transverse directions as well as transfer moisture to upper layers at sufficiently moderate energy consumption. The features of the pneumodynamic gravitational stirrer are the use of the The features of the pneumodynamic gravitational stirrer are the use of a standing wave. That allows to enhance the dynamic effect of breaking the links between particles of seed material when it is stored in a bulk in special pallets. Theoretical and experimental studies allowed to determine the influence of the temperature on the quality indices of cooled wheat, such as moisture, gluten as well as index of its deformation. The centralized system of active ventilation by the coolant removes moisture from the surfaces of grain mass outside and provides necessary microclimate condi-tions in a granary, which was provided with rational parameters obtained by the re-sults of regression analysis with active planning of the experiment. The stochastic simulation was carried out using the Box-Behnken method, which showed that three models for different processes of the heat and energy storage system of grain and oil products were adequate as well as the response surfaces which were constructed at fixed values of the factors. When considering the economic efficiency of production, most of the presented factors in the designed storage system indicated high technological and technical performance of the presented innovative means for the investigated processes. That will allow to adjust the process of production and release of high quality products with the least possible costs. Structural and technological elements of the designed storage system were suc-cessfully tested on 3 agroindustrial farms. As a result, practical recommendations for the production of developed mechanisms for the mechanization of post-harvest pro-cessing and storage of oilseed and grain crops were offered to 5 machine-building enterprises.