Object: retinal detachments of various ethiologies. Purpose: to increase operative and pharmacological therapies efficiency of retinal detachments of various ethiologies using experimental and clinical reasoning of modern surgical technologies, as well as preoperative preparation, prevention and treatment of surgical and postoperative complications. Methods: general clinical; ophthalmic (visometry, refractometry, Humphrey computer perimetry, pneumatonometry, biomicroscopy, gonioscopy, ophthalmoscopy (slit lamp), taking of pictures of anterior and posterior eye segments, fluorescent angiography (Topcon retinal camera), sonography); experimental: (biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy, electroretinographia, optical microscopy, electron microscopy (electron microscope)); statistical. For the first time, it was established on ultrastructural level that PFD tamponage during various terms of stay in a vitreal cavity doesn’t cause expressed dystrophic changes in a retina, but it was shown as hydropic changes. For the first time, on ultrastructural level, it was revealed activation of intracellular compensatory reconstructive processes in a retina starting from the 14th day of observation after PFD tamponage. For the first time, it was established by experimental research studies that despite tamponage duration and features of bridging substances, there were compensatory adaptive reactions of a retina. They were shown in hydropic passing changes of membrane structures of a retina which caused activation of transmembrane potential of external and middle layers of central and peripheral retina. For the first time, it was established delay of presynaptic activity in external segments of photoreceptors of adaptive retina to darkness after tamponage by SO in various observation terms; changes of presynaptic activity were absent at PFD tamponage at the same terms and observation terms. Scientific data was added concerning delay of postsynaptic activity in middle retinal layers in various observation terms and tamponage time both for PFD and SO. For the first time, it was established absence of influence on transmembrane presynaptic potential after PFD and SO tamponage despite observation terms that was only in a tendency to increase "a" wave amplitude. For the first time, it was established increase of transmembrane postsynaptic potential after tamponage by perfluororganic compounds and SO in various observation terms that testifies damages of the middle layer of cells of a retina. Scientific data was added during the experiment about features of electrobiological activity of central retina of its external and middle layers according to temporary and amplitude parameters after PFD and SO tamponage. The stage-by-stage method of treatment of patients with tractional retinal detachment on the background of diabetes mellitus was developed and implemented. It was developed and implemented a device for anchoring intraocular lens with an aperture at the end of a needle. It was developed and implemented a way of intraocular lens’ anchorage at violations of connective set of a capsular bag and integrity of the back capsule of a crystalline lens. It was developed and implemented a way of anchoring of a capsular bag at full dislocated eye lens in a vitreous body. The stage-by-stage method of treatment of patients with severe ocular trauma was developed and implemented. The method resided in carrying out the initial microsurgical manipulation at the 1st stage, the vitreoretinal reconstructive surgery at the 2nd stage and implantation of the iris-lens diaphragm at the 3rd stage. A formula for calculating of points of iris-lens diaphragm anchoring was developed and implemented. This allowed to amend its centering. A method of surgical treatment of complicated retinal detachments of lower localization was developed and implemented. A technique of IOL intrascleral fixation under the absence of lens’ capsular bag in combination with surgery of retinal detachments has been improved. The technique was based on getting out haptics in loxotic meridians with the "rivets" formation. There was developed and implemented a new technique of prevention of complications of vitreoretinal interventions that based on usage of combination of neurophilic solutions. Results were introduced into clinical practice by the Department of Vitreoretinal and Laser Surgery and the Laboratory of Functional Methods of Ophthalmic Research of SI «The Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine»; Hirschmann Kharkiv Municipal Clinical Hospital №14, Kyiv Municipal Clinical Ophthalmic Hospital «Vision Correction Center»; Ltd «Ophthalmology clinic «Novyi zir»; Ltd «EXCIMER-KYIV», the Department of Ophthalmology of Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education. Sphere of application – medicine, ophthalmology.
